Question 1
Ms. Jones is suffering from acute renal failure. Her kidneys are unable to sufficiently filter waste and toxins from her blood. The low urine output is a consequence of the inability of her kidneys to adequately filter waste and toxins from her blood system.
Question 2
The other symptoms of acute renal failure are noticeable when the disease progresses due to accumulation of urea and other toxins in the blood system. These symptoms differ from person to person They include; weight loss, nausea, vomiting, nocturnal urination, reduced frequency of urinating, urinating pale urine, difficulty in urinating.
Question 3
The open-heart surgery that Ms. Jones underwent could have resulted a drop in the flow of blood to her kidneys due to incompatible blood transfusion. This caused the kidneys to be unable to adequately filter toxins and other wastes from her blood system.
Question 4
Acute renal failure can be treated by antibiotics and fluid control. Dialysis can be used in extreme cases when potassium levels in the blood are very high. The prognosis of patients suffering from chronic renal failure shows that although the disease is treatable, its mortality increases as the disease advances.
Scenario B
Question 5
The condition of Mr. Hodges’ kidneys is affecting the rest of his body because the kidneys are responsible for excreting toxins and other wastes from the body. Therefore if the kidneys are not functioning properly, these toxins will accumulate in the body to dangerous levels.
Question 6
The other symptoms that Mr. Hodges may experience as his condition advances include; urinating pale urine, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, convulsions, dim vision or he lapse into comma in severe cases.
Question 7
Mr. Hodges chronic renal failure could have caused by hypertension due to the condition of his heart. As a consequence, it impedes the flow of blood to the kidneys hence the kidneys cannot perform their function properly.
Question 8
For Mr. Hodges case, he can be treated by dialysis to aid the kidneys in excreting toxins from the blood. The prognosis of patients suffering from chronic renal failure shows that although the disease is treatable, its mortality increases as the disease advances.
References
Goligorsky, M. S. (2008). Acute renal failure: new concepts and therapeutic strategies (revised ed.). Michigan: Churchill Livingstone.
Herringham, W. P. (2010). Kidney Diseases (illustrated ed.). New York: General Books LLC.
Zipfel, P. F. (2006). Complement and kidney disease (illustrated ed.). Chicago: Springer.
