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Building and Construction
Introduction
In this modern age of liberalization and globalization of tools and technologies, the growth of industry is by leaps and bounds. It is the result of efficient process and effective tools that have made it possible to achieve the intended target. So, no matter what may be the domain of work or industry, the impact of modern tools and technologies, quality management, optimum exploitation of resources is immense and deep-rooted in all walks of life. Therefore, effective and efficient management through quality process and utilization of human and technical resources is the need of the hour. Exactly the same, such is demand in the building and construction sector. This industry has come out of the shackles and started showing stupendous growth rate, thereby bringing about a tremendous impact over the job market in the world. More and more avenues are opened for technical and non-technical jobs. Along with the demand for jobs, there is a growth of the demand for more and more skills to cope with the competitive international market. Technical jobs are most sought after and now there is pressing need for enhancing the technical output and overall productivity.
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The building and construction industry has various departments which function in close coordination with one another to ensure quality work within the least possible time and effort.
Site Preparations
One of the elements of building and construction is the setting-up of the site. It is a very important segment of construction process when there is a need to keep many things into mind while planning, executing, and finalizing any work. So, in order to ensure quality planning and implementation during the setting up of a site, it is obligatory keep all the equipment and facilities at the right place and maintain its records for storage, allotment and distribution for performing any tasks.
Establishments of Services
In addition, there is a need to ensure the availability of essential services like telephone connectivity, water supply, sewerage system, electricity supply, storm water management, and gas connection. This is the basic need for establishing a new construction site. Here are some brief descriptions about the elements of telephone lines, electricity, and water.
Telephone lines - It will be used are of two main types. One of them is the cell phone which is easily accessible and applicable in any setting. On the other hand, the other type is the office telephone that will be present in the hired mobile office truck.
Electricity: The supplier and source of electricity for this project will be the local electricity board of the client. And, the cost of the electricity bill will be paid by the finance department of the project.
Water: A water bowser truck will be used to supply water required to complete this project. In addition, the issues for the effective drainage of excess water will be planned in advance and be implemented at the beginning of the project without causing any disturbance to the commencement of the project
Identification of Authorities
Before the start of the work, there is a need to contact with the different public officials to ensure the smooth transactions of works. Some of these departments of the government offices are local council, fire station and bushfire brigade, department of fair trading, and many allied services. In addition, the local authority like Municipal Corporation and public work department should be intimated in advance about the construction of site. Furthermore, the detailed site plan should be presented to the local authority for approval. On the receipt of approval from the competent authority, the process of construction should be strated.
Preparation of plan and its methodology
In order to ensure the effective preparation of plan and its methodology, it is necessary to learn the basic information and their location for some of the important facilities at the site of any construction area. The nomenclature of facilities and their location are presented for review and analysis in a table format. These are:
Facility
Location
Storage of Equipment and Machinery
The storage of equipment and machinery is very significant component elements of the construction site and these are planned for the storage in a temporary shade. This type of shade is cheap and movable, and can be built behind the fibro garage. If required, this can be also demolished later and rebuilt on the western side of the block.
Hazardous Substances
Site has many types of harmful and inflammable materials. And. These hazardous substances need be stored in a safe place. The safest place should away from the vicinity of any other material or people. In order to ensure the preventive measures of safety and security, such materials will be placed in an enclosed container and locked in storeroom of a shade. After its use, such products should be placed back at the defined place in a secured manner so as to prevent or cause any damage to property or working personnel.
Placement of Amenities
There are some basic amenities which are indispensable and must be made available within the reach of work and residence. These are toilet, bathroom and changing room, drinking water. Without the availability of these resources, it is difficult to carry out any work at the site. The details of their location are:
Toilet: An arrangement of mobile toilet can be made for all the levels of employees. This will help maintain cleanliness and serve the need of mobility.
Bath room and changing room: The right place for temporary bathroom is near the temporary shed. Such an arrangement will serve a dual purpose for bathing and making employees change their clothes whenever needed.
Drinking water: A movable trolley or vehicle can be used for providing the facilities of drinking water. In addition, a connection of a fresh water supply should also be provided.
Placement of Storage Areas
There are a number of items such as tools, equipment, and other facilities that need to be safely stored. This storage facility can be a shade and it should be built within the vicinity of work place. So, the most preferred area for its location can be behind the current Fibro Garage. Other facilities will be stationed at different places in the other blocks. For instance, the hazardous products may be stored in an enclosed shaded in a locked metallic container. As far as the storage of tools and appliances used for the project is concerned, it can be stored in a room near the Fibro Garage and during the time of working day, it can also be placed under any trees during the working hour.
Placement of Waste Bins
Waste bins are containers to collect any disposable, wasteful and residual things and these will be stationed throughout the site compound. Their positioning will include not only in operational area but also in residential area of the employees. These bins will be strategically positioned according to the nature of work or place, and plan of the operations in the proposed working site. In order to facilitate an easy disposal and collection of small wasteful products, the plastic bags will be also kept at all the important places. These bags should be planned to be positioned in such a way that it is easy for the garbage trucks to collect and dispose them.
Scaffolding
Scaffolding will be used to give reinforce the quality support to the structures under all circumstances. The garage is one such building that will be developed and maintained using the application of scaffolding. Other structures can also be developed in this way to provide structural support to the construction. Apparently, there are a number of issues that will have to be considered prior to the development of a scaffold, such as the height of the building, the nature of the roof, and its materials.
Crane Access
Crane access needs be stored in a strategic position where it will be easy to access, move, and shift to any areas wherever required. Since the size of crane is large, it should be located in an area where they do not affect the day-to-day wok and movement of the employees and general public. The right place for this can be behind the area where the new garage is planned to be located.
Environment and Waste Management Plan
Two important areas of management at the new site plans are environment and waste management. As far as its environmental management is concerned, these issues will be solely controlled and monitored by the Project Leader. He or she has to ensure that the entire workforce adopt the culture and guidelines of environmental conservation and preservation. It is mandatory that these individuals are not only keen about environmental conservation but also dedicated towards their duty and responsibility. To ensure quality sanitation and environmental preservation, most of the waste bins should be strategically located throughout the operational and residential areas. These issues will also be addressed through the consideration of the environmental acts and policies that are based on the established rules and regulations of the environment. When the question arises for the waste management, its disposal and site cleaning will be outsourced to a firm that is professionally specialized, equipped, and trained in this business. This move is aimed with a view to reduce the workload that the contractor will have to bear. Such an approach will enable the process of site cleaning to get completed within the shortest possible time.
Sediment control
It is need of construction site for all the developers and builders to chalk out a plan for the control sediment. Framing this plan helps not only in preventing the erosion of soil but also in trapping the sediment that might get carried away at the site of construction. There are some ways by which sediment control can be made at the site are by improving site planning for day-to-day operations, improving the drainage, providing quality working conditions, ensuring the improvement in water quality and its passage.
Setting out Dwelling
It is the preparation of site by clearing the areas from unwanted surface and making them ready for beginning the work of construction. Sometimes, it involves the demolition of old structures. The points to be borne in mind while clearing the site for dwelling, are construction of proper storm water and sewerage system, disconnection of power, water, and gas, and preventing common people by barricading it
Storm water and sewerage
At the site of construction, it is the main source of pollution that causes a concern for the health of water bodies. Whenever there is heavy rainfall, a large amount of water enters rivers and brings sediment with other toxic effluents, harmful substances, animal waste and many more. There is a need to create an arrangement for the effective and smooth flow of water and waste product by designing a good sewerage system. By doing this, it prevents the overflow of storm water and other pollutants. But, to keep the smooth function of sewerage system, it is necessary to prevent the entry of oil, grease, chemicals, plastics, and the allied material into the passage.
Goods and storage Transportation
There should be a great amount of care and maintenance for the storage of goods and its transportation. There are many precautions that need to be observed while dealing with storage and transportation of various types of goods. It is more important if the goods are heavy and dangerous. In case of the goods being heavy and dangerous, there should be proper and competent authority at the site to deal with such materials or products.
Quality Assurance
Quality is an attribute that needs to be attached to all the types of work at the construction site. By ensuring the quality management of process and product at the site of construction, the impacts of these measures can be in the following domains:
a) Reduction and control of the project cost
b) Reduction in the rate of failures, defects, reconstructions, and modification
c) Increase in the safety and security of working people and resources
d) Timely delivery of work
These are possible because quality assurance streamlines the process of work by ensuring the compliance and conformity to the standard rules, regulations, and guidelines.
Site Security
Security provisions are a matter of great importance. The round-the-clock security of all individuals, tools, equipment, and materials will be arranged by the contractor by taking the assistance of the external and private security firm. As far as hoarding and fencing is concerned, there may be possibility to bring down some of the wall of site when the project is on. This will contribute to exposure of the compound. In this situation, the security should be doubly effective and vigilant by deploying more security personnel. However, after two days of the commencement of the project, a permanent fence should be erected to ensure that the security of the block is protected.
Conclusion
For the parking facilities for site workers, thee site should have free and open parking place. It should be implemented so that workers can park their personal and operational vehicles. Concrete pumps, which are moveable, will be positioned at the western corner of the block to minimize the space required to cover these equipment for delivery of material/ equipment. The mobile truck will be parked by the driveway to facilitate the movement of this truck within the locality. At the driveway, it will be easy for the truck to move to the parking space
Site Security
In order to ensure the dewatering process after excessive rain and overcome the challenges of heavy rain and water-logging at the construction site, a contingency plan is to be made to quickly drained out the excess water from the site with a view to facilitate the quick and undisrupted completion of the project.
There is a need to schedule the job and estimate its cost for future planning and implementation. To keep the project planning in place, there should be regular site meeting to understand and analyze the problems and hurdles of the project. For the proper maintenance of record, it is necessary to keep all the documents required by contractors ready before the commencement of work. Further, there should be a system of site inspections and environment controls. As part of the total quality management of the resources and construction, there should be quality control division to act as a watchdog for ensuring zero deviation from the standard product, process, and delivery of services. Furthermore, in addition to quality management, there is a need to ensure different types of management in the areas such as integration, scope, time, cost, human resources, communication, risk, procurement, and safety.
In the light of the aforesaid facts and challenges of people, tools, equipment, basic amenities, and the allied resources at the construction site, it is necessary to specify criteria and priority of location, resources, storage, security, and safety in an effective manner. For this, hazardous products have to be placed in a safe and secured zone which is away from the vicinity of people to prevent any kinds of possible damage or harm to manpower and materials. After assessing the risks that these hazardous products might pose to the rest of the workers at the site, it is wise to ensure that they are handled carefully only by the specialists. These personnel should be qualified and trained enough to handle and use such hazardous materials. The disposal of hazardous products, which are no longer in use, is a vital initiative that will have to be implemented. Further, some of the toxic products used in building will have to be substituted with less toxic substances to reduce the danger posed by the hazardous products.
The environment issues in the site will be managed by one of the site employees. That employee should be an environment manager and be assigned with duty and accountability of ensuring the quality environmental management and protecting it under all circumstances without any failure. The entire process of environmental management and preservation at the construction site will be based on the rules and regulations as prescribed and defined in the environment acts. All employees should abide by the rules defined and circulated by the environment manager. Furthermore, the applications of “Environment Planning Instruments” are other main considerations that should encompass the environment conservation processes and implementation.
The amenities such mobile truck, water supply, toilet and so on, are allocated depending on their availability. Temporary amenities such as the bathroom will be established on the site. Drinking water, for instance, will be supplied every morning. For the comfort and welfare of the employees, social amenities will be provided entirely by the contracting agency. Waste bins, on the other hand, will be located depending on the working stations that have been established in the block. These bins will be used to ensure the quality maintenance of clean and green environment and sanitation standard.
Scaffolding will be used in areas where it is necessary to build structure that has more than one storey. Its placement will depend on the type, weight, and stability of the structures being constructed. For instance, the new garage and bathroom ceiling will definitely require scaffolding to reinforce their stability. Further, the fence will be demolished, if need, to facilitate the inflow of supplies such as cement and other similar structures. After completion of this supply and delivery, a fence can be built for the purpose of safety and security of employees and resources.
On the other hand, the security management of the area, equipment, and employees will be responsibility of any private and external agency. Further, for accessing, maneuvering, and positioning of the crane, it has to be close to the construction site, the garage area, and be easy accessible to the main structure of the project without causing any obstruction to the continuity of construction and to other activities.
Mixing tools and equipments are important components of the construction site. They should be placed at the end of the block so that they can be moved inside the area of construction site whenever required. Such a system of their placement will facilitate their movement easily and will not interfere with other construction activities. The trucks, on the other hand, will be placed in the parking lot of the block for easy loading and unloading of products. Further, the parking lot also promotes accessibility and facilitate their easy movement and quick maneuvering. As far as electricity supply is concerned, thought the normal power supply will be provided and paid by the client, the extra use of electricity payment will be paid by the contractor.
Conclusion
Keeping the aforesaid requirements and challenges of people, tools, equipment, basic amenities, and the allied resources at the construction site into account, it makes good sense to assume that these are obligatory requirement for ensuring quality delivery of the project without any delay. The knowledge and application of these inputs will certainly help the construction company to manage the resources efficiently. So, it is a learning for the agencies concerned to take note of these issues and create a system of process-based design, development, implantation, and completion of the project.
