Stem cell
Stem cells found to be in the animal body with high potential to develop into several and different medical function. Cells built to function in a specific organ system and perform out specific purpose. White blood cell meant to fight off diseases while red blood cells caries oxygen. Pluripotent stem cells that founds in embryos can trigger rise to all of the cells found in human body. Diverse –cells found in the brain, multipotent stem cells in bone, skin, and heart. Multipotent stem cells found in babies fetus umblicord and also in adults. Their growth development is limited only to cells that add up to the system organ with which it emanate from. An example, a multipotent stem cell in the bone marrow can develop into a red blood cell, a white blood cell, or a blood platelet but not into a brain cell or skin cell.
Medical researchers believe that stem cells, mostly pluripotent stem cells, triggers much potential for medical research and medical therapies such as developing replacement cells or wholly replacement organs. These might be useful while treating range of conditions of spinal diseases and heart failure from spinal injuries. In cases like spinal injury, ultimate neural stem cells helps in replacing already damaged tissues.
Organs that work improperly- like assisting diabetic helps people pancrease to produce insulin. The latest therapies in medical research on diabetic and stem cells and involves generating islet cells that generates insulin to replace those of a diabetic person immunity system works against .Stem cells is useful for testing ground for newer drugs before being used on human. Stem cells might be more precise for research outcome than using animal while solving the ethical discourse of using animals as specimen for medical testing.
Spermatogonial stem cells in rodents.
Spermatogonial stem cells balance self-renewing cells and differentiated divisions from domain spermatogenesis throughout adult life. Productive stem cell system generates millions of sperms every day while maintaining rigorous quality cell control to protect germ line integrity. Working on the biological features of spermatogonial stem cell, that hold such delicate balance, seek to expand and comprehend of stem niche interaction in a loop of adult’s tissues and may implicate treating males infertility. In spite of critical importance of male fertility, spermatogenesis and molecular cellular characteristics of the spermatogonial stem cell, remain largely undefined. Experiments determining basic features of spermatogonial stem cell needs standardized biological inference that detects cell capacity to maintain and initiate spermatogenesis. Spermatogononial transplant technique developed worked well for mice since 1994.
Germ cells produced though isolated from the testes of the specimen animal and transplanted to the seminiferous tubules of the infertile recipients after which produce colonies of the spermatogenesis and a functional sperm. Stem cell produces and maintains the colony of spermatogenesis. Each colony in respective recipient testes rises from congenic proliferation and differentiation of the single spermatogonial stem cell. Applications of this technology on rodents revealed that spermatogonial stem cell from the specimen animal from diverse ages are competent in producing complete spermatogenesis test on infertile males. Spermatogenesis transplantation successfully been generated out of other higher species, up including goats, dogs, and pigs
Embryo stem cell research
Embryo stem cell (ESC) empirical research has been a topic of ethical, social, and legal controversy starting with the initial success of human ESC culture in the laboratory back in 1998. The controversy slowed the speed of stem cell experiments, which later shaped much subsequent research development. The paper looks at the main issues on bedeviled stem cell continuation and identifies ethical faults lines that are presumed to continue.
The appropriate time for such assessment can be poised for periods of rapid developments. President Obama removed bush administration that restricted federal funding. Huge influx of federal research funds realizing more rapid maturity of the science. Stem cell science takes dimension into the clinical discipline. During March 2009, food and drug administration (FDA) certified the first clinical attempt with ESC therapy important for spinal injuries. Finally, recent experiment with the induce pluripotent stem (IPS) cell puts that non-embryo materials of pluripotent stem cells might one day be of help. Such development lessens ethical debate while raising empirical issues. These factors indicate how complicated the trajectory innovation can be. Scientific hurdles are great enough, though can be overcome in social and political world of ethical friction and regulatory attention. Another reason as the stem cell experiences illustrates how policy and law affect scientific innovations. Embryo stem cell asserts that differentiation occurs just after fertilization of cells in embryo. Since they are the first lag stage of all cell lineages, creates a conducive environment for researcher to studying subsequent developments of tissues arises and for research fashioning treatment in curing or preventing diseases.
Cancer stem cell and aberrant organogenesis.
In essence, cancer cell research focused on by identifying the genetic indifference that leads to cancer. This has voiced major advances in understanding of biochemical and molecular pathways that involved tumor genesis that result malignant transformation. Even as researchers focused on molecular biology causative for cancer, our understanding of the cellular biology has lagged. That’s, although researchers understand the effects of specific mutations on the survival and proliferation of the model cells, such as cell lines or fibroblast, we often work the quest on the effects of such mutations, which can be on the cells that leads to a particular cancer. This has handicapped Researchers ability to pass our mutation identification to new therapies.
Furthermore, tumor is seen as aberrant organ that initiated by tumorigenic cancerous cell that acquired the immunity for indefinite accumulated cell mutants. If one suggests abnormality in tumor organ, then normal stem cell principles of biology is applicable while understanding better, knowhow on tumors development. In fact, many inferences suggest analogies on tumorigenic cells and normal stem cells. Other normal tissues and tumors consist of heterogeneous group of cells, with diverse phenotypic characteristics with different prolific potentials. Since most tumors are of clonal origin and that tumorigenic cancer cells metamorphosis to differentiation and self-renewal of normal cells.
Reference
- Friedman, L. S. (2011). Stem Cell Research: An opposing viewpoint Guide. GREENHAVEN Press (CA).
