Question 1
a). A British’s post master general brings up an error after commenting on Alexander Graham Bell’s invention. According to him he predicted that the telephone would be used by those who were in rural areas of America to aid them to hear the New York Metropolitan Opera at home arguing that this could help them to save train fare. He also suggested that it would be no use but only to be used by housewife who could only keep her recipes on it. This is an error since we all know importance of telephone in communication which enforces effectiveness and cheapness.
b). There is an error of American who sees the problems in European in their pronunciation or dictation. The Americans enjoy attending a lecture by one of foreign nationality. Only to find out one’s pronunciation but not to listen what one’s has about America or Americans or as much you like their country. In Chinese sayings they prefer a gift of coal in the snow which means a friend in deed. One is not supposed to undermine someone way of speaking, this is an error in American citizens.
c). the error of discrepancy between the attribution for one’s own behavior which is referred as an actor-observer bias. It is difficult to explain the fundamental attribution of this error however there are several hypothesis to explain the sources of the error. They include Salience of the actor, lack of forceful adjustment and just-world phenomenon which are theories that explain the errors. On the other hand there are De-biasing techniques of reducing the effect of error they include, being consensus in some information, by seeking advice on how to deal some situation, and finally looking for unseen causes.
