There are six stages in the life cycle of a mitotic cell which include interphase and cytokinesis. The mitosis stage is divided into four other sub stages. Mr. Interphase performs various functions such as the cellular respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis in preparation to undergo the Mitosis stage. Mr. Mitosis has four witnesses, Prophase who helped nuclear membrane disappear into the genetic material. The other witness, Metaphase, makes the alignment of the chromosomes. Anaphase helps in centralizing the chromosomes and changing them from being x-shaped (Rieder, 17). The last witness created the new component of nuclei with their new membrane and DNA structure. Cytokinesis who is also a major participant helped finalize the case by providing newer cells from splitting.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in that prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles, and have no mitochondria, no cell wall, no chloroplasts and also a different structured DNA (Rieder, 21). On the other hand, eukaryotes are single-celled, have a nucleus, more than one chromosome, and have membrane-bound organelles and a cell wall. The eukaryotes are mostly for animals and plants while prokaryotes are found in bacteria and archaea.
Part Two
Meiosis in eukaryotic cells helps in producing sex gametes that have one copy of each chromosome from two copies of each chromosome. It involves DNA replication through Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2. In meiosis 1, the pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated. In meiosis 2, the chromatids are produced from the separation of each chromosome.
The main difference between mitosis and meiosis is that while the meiosis separates the nucleus into four, mitosis divides it into two. In mitosis, chromosome number is conserved unlike in meiosis. The other key difference is that mitosis produces an identical daughter genetically while meiosis produces a different daughter nuclei (Rieder, 44).
Prokaryotes have no nucleus, therefore, they cannot support mitosis or meiosis. The prokaryotic duplication cannot be explained using mitosis or meiosis.
Evolution was important in meiosis as some of the plants would be extinct. However, with the effect of meiosis, most plants and animals replicated and produced a large population over the years.
Work Cited
Rieder, Conly. Mitosis and Meiosis. San Diego: Academic, 1999. Print.
