Article Review Assignment
ARTICLE IDENTIFICATION
The paper that I chose focuses on the sex differences that are observed in personality traits, in 55 different nations. The article aims at determining the reason behind this difference and predictors of this condition in the different nations. This captured my attention, and I chose the article so that I can understand the predictors that enable women to have a better personality than men.
2. APA Citation Format
- I would source credit my selected article in the body of a paper as follows:(Schmitt, Realo, Voracek, & Allik, 2008)
- I would reference-list my selected article in Reference list that would be attached to the end of a paper as follows
Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). Schmitt, David P.; Realo, Anu; Voracek, Martin; Allik, Jüri; Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 94(1), 168-182.
Part 2
- Introduction (also referred to as lead-in information).
Many studies have indicated that men are more risk taking and assertive than women while women are known to be more anxious and tender-minded than men. These differences are seen in early childhood and may remain fairly constant all through to adulthood. The differences have effects that are noted as they result in differences, in the way men and women have leisure behaviors, their occupational preferences and the way they see health-related outcomes. Studies have shown that women in many countries are greater in various traits that are related to agreeableness, neuroticism, warmth, and openness to feelings. On the other hand, men score higher on assertiveness and openness to ideas. Sex differences in the personality traits are robust and persist across a diverse array of ages, data sources, measures, and cultures. In most personality traits, there is no uniformity in sex difference across different cultures. One of the unexpected findings is that personality traits are higher, in women who are healthy, prosperous and in egalitarian cultures, in populations where women have more opportunities like men. Improvement in natural wealth and sex equality do not narrow the gap in personality traits but rather makes the gap larger.
There are various theoretical approaches that are used to explain the cultural variations that are seen in personality traits between sexes. These include social role, evolutionary, and artifact explanations.
- Research Methods
- The research design that was used in the article was a survey that was done through the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP) that was made up over 100 behavioral, social, and biological scientists from 56 nations.
- Personality Traits
Gender Equality Indicators
Socioeconomic Indicators
Socioeconomic Indicators
Method Quality Indicators
- The study involved more than 100 psychologists who simultaneously did an anonymous self-report survey to 17,837 individuals. The individuals represented 6 continents, 13 islands, 56 different nations, and 30 languages.
- Findings/Analysis
- One-way ANOVA
Multiple post hoc analyses-Tukey
- The article reports that women score higher on neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion and conscientiousness than men in almost all the nations in the study. High human development levels such as long and healthy, economic wealth, equal access to education and knowledge were reported to be the main nation-level predictors of greater sex differences in personality. Other sociocultural predictors of sex difference indicate an increase in cultures that are more cultures. This was noted in countries such as New Zealand, Switzerland, and the Netherlands where men have much greater systolic blood pressure than women. However in more traditional countries such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Ethiopia, men and women had equal blood pressure levels.
- Conclusion/Discussion
This article found that differences between personality traits in women and men increased as development of human society increased. Long life, access to education, economic wealth, and healthy living all have correlation with the gap existing in the personality traits, in men and women. The societies that experience poor health, limited access to education and suffer economic hardship, there is a restriction in the development of inherent personality traits. In such conditions, there are smaller variations between male and female in terms of personality traits. Therefore, in countries that are traditional and with little development, an average man has no difference from an average woman on the basis of personality tendencies to think, feel, and act.
Reference List
Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). Schmitt, David P.; Realo, Anu; Voracek, Martin; Allik, Jüri; Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 94(1), 168-182.
