Mongol China
The Mongol-Ming china was able to develop at a faster rate due to the number of conquest the nation was able to achieve. Some of the notable leaders that led to development and expansion of the empire was Chinggis Khan. Chinggis Khan has made a lot of accomplishment for the Mongol dynasty. While he was young at the age of nine his father died this caused him to wonder around the empire. During his lifetime, he was able to conquer many wars but his most remembered achievement was when unified the people of Mongol. The unification of the people in Mongol empire was not an easy ask the reason for stating this is because of the diverse tribes that exist in the region. The tribal federations what he formed to mobilize the people of Mongol (Gascoigne).
When he was able to mobilize the group, he was able to get them all under his rule. The name Chinggis khan came by after the nobility from the united tribes came together and decided that their leader will be given that name. The loyalty that the people had towards the Chinggis khan is what made it hard for the tribes to break away. As a leader, Chinggis Khan was able to conquer many nations through the brutal attacks that he initiated. He was known for being brutal honest about the conquest that he wanted to achieve. He fought china and was able to get hold of some of the parts in Northern China. He continued to win in his wars in that by the time he died he was able to expand the region to the eastern Persia side and the Northern side of china. When he died, he left a good legacy that had to be filled ell by the new leaders of the Mongol empire.
Yelu Chucai was one of the advisers during the Genghis khan rule. He formulated the Mongol conquests policy for the empire. When the north of china was able to be conquered by Chinggis Khan. Yelu was among the first people in the region to formulate the reforms for the region. Some of his most well known reviews were that he believed in the taxation of the people whom they had conquered rather than killing the people. This went against the beliefs of the Mongol people who were used to slaughtering the people whom they had conquered. During the reign of Ogedei, it is believed that he used to make fun of Yelu especially when it came to his views on not killing (Jessup). While the Mongol empire was continuing with its advance of trying to take over the China, he was able to make adjustments in the reforms in that he was able to separate the powers of the military and the civil. He was able to rescue some of the people who were captured that were scholars and instead he gave them the government positions. These scholars were from the China.
During the reign of Kublai Khan, he was able to change a lot of things in the empire. The capital of the empire had been moved to Beijing in china. He went further and named China as Yuan. In Yuan, the fact that they adopted some of the ceremonies and other factors of the Chinese practices made Kublia to be honored in the Chinese history in that he was named as Shizu. Ceremonies that were being used in China were adopted and practiced by the Mongolian people. He was known to like being in Beijing rather than being in Mongolia (Schirokauer etal). The fact that he liked being in Beijing does not mean that he wanted the interaction between the Mongolians and Chinese people did not intermarry. This was a way for him to preserve the empires culture. Kublai tried to conquer the whole of Asia but this dream was thwarted when he had to defend Mongolia. Yuan was rebuilt and the paper money was also introduced in the nation. The grand canal of the nation was expanded. The civil service exams were not reinstated into the empire. Yuan government had many problems in that the court politics of the region was considered to be with factions. The way things were going china seemed to have gotten another province in the name of Mongolia.
During the Toghto, he was able to reintroduce the system of exam for the civil service people. The reintroduction of the system did not get the popularity that it was meant to have gotten. In the song dynasty, the exam of the civil service had a lot of power and prestige that was not able to be gotten in the new dynasty. The Mongols were very proud of the military officials therefore it was important to them to favor them more than anything (Jessup). The yellow river began to have problems in the 1340s. The initial problem began when the yellow river was claimed to have broken. This caused the overflow of water on the section of the Shandong and also in the Grand Canal. This overflow of water in these sides caused the operations of the river to be stopped. Since the river was no longer functioning people were forced to go to the side of the Fan Guozhen who was a well-known pirate. The yellow river canal was able to be rebuilt after the suggestion by Toghto (Gascoigne). The rebuilding of the canal was very expensive thus; it affected the economy of the nation. The other reason that was caused the decline in economy of the region was the fact about the harsh weather conditions that caused droughts or floods that occurred in the northern China. The people were also getting diseases, famines and plagues that were killing the people. The women in the society were also starting to have some rights such as that of acquiring their husband’s property after they die.
The religions of the region were different because of the tolerance of practicing religions in magnolia. The religions that existed in the region were Buddhism, Christians, Muslims, Nestorians and Jews. Lamaism was practiced by many people in the region of Mongolia. The reason that caused the fall of the region was the rebellion that was being formed by the commanders of the regions. There was the emergence of a class of people that was called the Lotus society that was very angry at the empire for having being fired from their clerical works. Toghto was overthrown and the military officials who supported him and the rebels continued to fight after he was gone. There was also the continuation of the floods, draught and famine that was killing and weakening a lot of people.
Ming China
In the Ming China, Taizus was able to control most parts of Mongolia and China and also was in the pursuit of the other Asian countries. As a leader, he was able to achieve great achievements as a leader such as conquer many parts of the Asian nations. He helped the poor and constructed tax system. He had a weakness of being too ambitious but once he had conquered an area, he had no idea of what should be done with the area. Chengzu policy ensured the expansion of maritime. This was in direct contrast to that of Taixus who did not want the expansion of maritime. There were numerous voyages that were sent in order to carry the textile and silk in order for the trading purposes in order for the trade to get the exotic animals (Schirokauer etal).
Xuanzong was who was the emperor who was able to increase the power of the eunuch. Most of the eunuchs at this time were stated o have come from humble backgrounds. There were some schools that were formulated by the emperor in order to educate the eunuchs. As the emperor, he was known for loving artwork and the Korean foods. During his reign porcelain and the bronze were very famous. Thus, his emperor created many of the porcelain (Jessup).
Wuzong was one of the worst emperors in the world because of the way he ruled the nation. He was known to like the drinking, the sex life and being very irresponsible because the leadership of the nation was under the eunuchs. Rebellion was able to be witnessed in the region and many hated his work. Hai Rui was a reformist that was well known to trying to help the people of the nation. When he was the magistrate of the empire, he was able to change the taxes paid for land in order for the common people of the empire to be able to afford. He was also very upstanding and did not tolerate any corruption in the magistrate system therefore this caused him many people because they hated him. When he died, it was claimed that he was one of the best people who worked as magistrates.
Zhang Juzheng was a very strict government official. One of the reforms that he was able to accomplish during his time was the building of the Grand Canal. The members of the six ministries were dismissed under his orders as well as the officials of the empire. Wang Yangmin is stated to have changed the ways in which the people viewed the neo-Confucian. He was able to have a good political career in that he was able to suppress the rebels when fighting and administer the army (Schirokauer etal). Li Zhi was the one who formulated the individualism that will definitely be used in the describing of selfishness that was stated by Wang. He was a firm believer of Confucianism in the nation. This made him call out the people who did not believe in the concept.
He looked like a Buddhist because of the way that he dressed. Xizang as the emperor did not concentrate on the empire. All he did was to create furniture’s. He was however able to get the support of most of the officials in the empire. The fact that he was able to gain the influence of the officials he was able to get hold of the empire and thus he was able to capture all those who proved to be the enemies. The groups that were mostly captured were the Donglin Group. Zou Guangdoy who was among the people in the Donglin group members when he was captured he was able to claim about the injustices that he had received but was also able to state how loyal he was to the emperor. The downfall of Ming dynasty occurred when the throne had a huge debt during the reign of Sizong. The reason for this was because of the decline silver importation.
In conclusion, in the Mongol dynasty they were known to be very brutal when they invaded and conquered the areas of interests which was in Asia especially China. During the reign of Chinggis Khan who was the first emperor of the region. One of the administrators during the reign of Chinggis Khan and other emperors that was known for his views and generosity was Yelu Chukai. He believed in not being as brutal as the way the Mongol people were used. He helped some of the scholars whose countries had been invaded into getting government positions. Kublai Khan renamed China and called it Yuan. He was also able to make a lot of changes for the Mongol people. Toghto reintroduced the system of Exam for all the civil service people. Lamaism was practiced by many people in Mongol empire. Other religions were also tolerated in the region such as Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and Jews.
In the Ming China there was a lot of changes that occurred in the dynasty. The people who were involved in the changes of the region were Taizus who was involved in expanding the region by conquering more Asian countries and the other person was Chengzu who brought about the expansion of maritime. Other people who brought about changes in Ming China were Zhang Juzheng who helped in the building of the Grand Canal and Wang Yangmin who introduced and supported the Neo-Confucian. The empire was brought down by poor leaderships such as Wuzong who only drunk and partied. The other thing that brought about the empires end was the natural disasters that had curbed the region such as diseases, floods and famine.
Work cited
Gascoigne, Bamber. The Dynasties of China: A History. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003
Jessup, John. A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945-1985. Greenwood Press, 1988.
Schirokauer, Conrad et al. A brief history of Japanese civilization. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning, 2013.
