Discovering individual differences
Introduction
There are several approaches to the discovery of individual differences. The scale of measurement is important when using these research methods. The outcomes can be applied on demographic targets, which are not always the same.
Research methods
The discovery of individual differences can be studied using several research methods. The methods used include systematic observations, self reports, and ethnography and case study methods. Research can also be classified into longitudinal, cross-sectional and sequential studies.
Longitudinal study
This kind of research is done on a set of individuals with the same age group. The method can be used to compare the kinds of universal developments that occur in people of the same age. The variance in development between individuals in different conditions or environments is also studied. Researchers can compare different cohorts and their characteristics. This approach is time consuming and detailed.
Cross-sectional study
This method involves researchers studying individuals of different ages at ago. The method requires less resources since it is less detailed and researchers use individuals of different characteristics and age. However, this method may not be appropriate for studying individual differences because the differences may not be due to age but the exposure to varying historical events.
Sequential study
This is a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods of studying individual differences. Researchers study individuals from different age groups at ago and note the differences.
Measurement scale
The scale of measurement is important because it gives a clear estimation of certain demography. The findings of a study on individual differences can be applied on target demographics based on the age groups. Target demographics differ in age, geographical location, historical exposure and background. For example, cohorts of people born during the Second World War have different characteristics to those born during the post cold war period in terms of mentality towards war and international policies.
Conclusion
Research methods of individual differences include cross-sectional, sequential and longitudinal research methods. The measurement scales are important for accuracy of the study findings. Target demographics differ in characteristics like age and historical exposure.
References
Brannick, M. T., Levine, E. L., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Job And Work Analysis: Methods, Research, And Applications for Human Resource Management (2, illustrated ed.). New York: Sage Publications.
Cascio, W. F., & Aguins, H. (2005). Applied Psychology in human resource management (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
