Article 1:
Leininger, M. (1996). Culture care theory, research, and practice. Nursing Science Quarterly,
9(2), 71-78. doi:101177/08943184960090028
Introduction
Nursing theories continue to play a critical role in the delivery of care to diverse populations in the present era. The health care sector is working towards advancing the discipline and professional of nursing by ensuring providers acquire relevant nursing knowledge to deal with present and upcoming health challenges. The author of the article, Madeleine Leininger, uses the culture care theory to show its relevance in helping educate health providers how to transform the practice of nursing through modern practices that accommodate cultural competency.
Synopsis
The outcome of Leininger's findings on the application of transcultural nursing theory with the focus on care revealed that theories have transformed the practice of nursing and play a big role in promoting the new paradigm characterized by multicultural health care practices. Moreover, cultural-specific care plans are applied in improving nursing education, developing institutional policies, and in organizational decision-making processes.
Conclusion
The paper concludes by insisting on the importance of applying theories of transcultural nursing practice in health care. According to Leininger (1996), the theory of culture care offers a comprehensive theoretical perspective that allows health care providers understand families, groups, individuals, communities, and institutions in terms of knowing different cultural beliefs and norms.
Article 2:
McFarland, M. & Eipperle, M. (2008). Culture care theory: a proposed practice theory guide for
nurse practitioners in primary care settings. Contemporary Nurse, 28 (1), 48-63. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/10.5172/conu.673.28.1.4
Introduction
McFarland and Eipperle (2008) analyzed Leininger's Culture Care Theory and its ability to promote universal health care by guiding nurses into primary care setting. Authors of the article emphasized in an advanced nursing practice that promotes exclusivity by preserving the culture of care, accommodating all individuals, and restructuring the primary health care setting.
Synopsis
The article proposed the Theory of Culture of Care as the most appropriate for practitioners working in a primary care setting by connecting key concepts of the theory to research, education, and practice. The relationship between these variable helps create a new paradigm of culturally congruent care that meets health care needs of diverse populations.
Conclusion
Nurses across the globe should utilize transcultural nursing practices to help widen the area of practice and reach more individuals, groups, families, and communities. The Culture of Care Theory offers necessary skills and knowledge required to provide culturally competent care through education, research and practice.
Article 3:
Maier-Lorentz, M. (2008). Transcultural Nursing: Its importance in nursing practice. Journal of
Cultural Diversity, 15(1) 37-43. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/219364449?accountid=87314
Introduction
Synopsis
Maier-Lorentz (2008) utilized Leininger's Theory of Culture Care to describe the importance of adopting the concept of transcultural nursing. Leininger played a major role in the nursing of the profession by highlighting the importance of teaching cultural competencies in nursing institutions. The article suggested 3 steps to attaining cultural competency in nursing practice. Factors that affect transcultural nursing were identified as awareness, skill, knowledge, encounters, desire, and assessment. The author used these factors to develop 3 steps towards of adopting the attitude that promotes transcultural nursing care, making nurses more aware of cultural differences and performing cultural assessments.
Conclusion
All health care organizations should ensure their staff has transcultural competencies to ensure the high numbers of patients from diverse cultural backgrounds access qualify and safe care. Understanding cultural differences portrayed in healthcare customs, beliefs, and values help promote transcultural nursing practices. Additionally, nursing institutions should consider including transcultural nursing courses within the curriculum to ensure nurse graduates have adequate skills and knowledge in transcultural nursing.
Article 4:
Leininger, M. (2007). Theoretical questions and concerns: response from the theory of culture
care diversity and universality perspective. Nursing Science Quarterly (20)1, 9-13. doi: 10.1177/0894318406296784
Introduction
The theory of culture care finds a lot of application in health care today. Many healthcare professionals apply the theory because of its ability to generate new knowledge in the delivery of care. Leininger (2007) described main features of the theory of culture care and its significance in achieving care diversity and universal acceptance in the article.
Synopsis
The article discovers the birth of a new nursing paradigm referred to as the culture of care nursing. The new form of providing care increases nurses’ thinking by making them more culturally competent and avoiding the role of myths and beliefs that have no room in the present health care delivery system. Moreover, the article argues that the theory is applied by practicing doctors and nurses worldwide, hence; capable of improving global health care delivery.
Conclusion
Article 5:
Plummer, M., and Molzahn, A. E. (2009). The quality of life in contemporary nursing theory: A
concept analysis. Nursing Science Quarterly 22(2), 134-140.
Introduction
The article by Plummer and Molzahn (2009) discusses the concept, quality of life, and it's important in health literature and social sciences. The quality of life is a historical concept that gained importance after the World War II when experts came up with technologies to prolong the quality of life. It is important for nurses to understand the concept. Many researchers have analyzed the concept of the quality of life of social science perspective and not the nursing perspective. Plummer and Molzahn analyzed the concept of the nursing perspective while utilizing contemporary nursing theories of Leininger, Rogers, I.M. King, and Peplau (Plummer and Molzahn, 2009).
Synopsis
Conclusion
Nurses should understand the clear definition of the quality of life because it plays a major role in guiding the practice of nursing. Viewing health as the new concept of quality of life increases the possibility of widening the practice of nursing to a range of human health conditions. Moreover, nursing theories are suitable for analyzing health concepts from the nursing perspective.
The Conclusion of all articles
The reviewed articles focused on the role of transcultural nursing practices in the modern health care system. Authors argued that the high rate of population growth poses a greater risk to the future delivery of care. Leininger's Culture of Care Theory plays a critical role in creating a suitable platform for addressing cultural challenges likely to face the health care sector by ensuring nurses and physicians have enough cultural competencies to overcome barriers related to health beliefs, values and attitudes of individuals, groups, families, and communities.
References
Leininger, M. (2007). Theoretical questions and concerns: response from the theory of culture
care diversity and universality perspective. Nursing Science Quarterly (20)1, 9-13
Leininger, M. (1996). Culture care theory, research, and practice. Nursing Science Quarterly,
9(2), 71-78.
Maier-Lorentz, M. (2008). Transcultural Nursing: Its importance in nursing practice. Journal of
Cultural Diversity, 15(1) 37-43.
McFarland, M. & Eipperle, M. (2008). Culture care theory: a proposed practice theory guide for
nurse practitioners in primary care settings. Contemporary Nurse, 28 (1), 48-63.
Plummer, M., and Molzahn, A. E. (2009). Quality of life in contemporary nursing theory: A
concept analysis. Nursing Science Quarterly 22(2), 134-140.
