The practice of division of labor was introduced long ago and has now been adopted by many industries in the world. The act has an increasing influence in the most diverse sectors of the society in the current world. The law of division of labor has been observed to apply to organisms and communities as well. It has then been seen as a law of nature but then questions are still asked on if it is also a moral rule for the conducts of human beings and to what extent it stretches as well. While the division of labor is being encouraged as a practice among organizations, they are also focusing on specialization but not to the excessive extent (Durkheim 8).
There is an increase in the importance of the practice of organic solidarity. This is where there is an increase in the number of people who are dependent on each other. Organic solidarity has now become more prominent than mechanical solidarity. The low-rated societies have been observed to be more inclined to the practice of mechanical solidarity. This type of social organization is evident among the North Americans and Indians (Durkheim 8).
Organic solidarity is evident in societies that have shared beliefs and practices which they draw from acceptance. The family type has been seen to be the most primitive organization and which was based on religion. This was asserted by Fustel de Coulanges, who also deduced it from the social arrangements. There is also the aspect of communism which is common among people. Communism has been observed to make a person belong to a group. The person and his or her property are then absorbed into the group, and they can only be individual once they free themselves from the mass or group (Durkheim 9).
The primitive people are also seen to be easily subjected to absolute power hence division of labor is observed in them. The aspect of these people being central to the practice of division labor separates them from a group or the dependency aspect.
The elements that are found in the society are usually not of the same nature even in their arrangement. They are only coordinated and subordinated to one another around the same central organ that then applies a moderate effect on the rest of the organism. Once the organ has experienced the moderating effect, it is not the same since if others depend on it, and then it also depends on them. It then continues to enjoy a special place which may also be said to be privileged but only if it fulfills some roles of a certain nature (Durkheim 10).
There are some social types that are found in the society and which depend strictly on principles. They can therefore only advance to the point that the other one has disappeared. In the social type, individuals are distributed within it in groups that are not formed regarding any ancestral relationship but only by the unique nature of the social activity that they dedicate themselves. Their profession is what creates their natural and the necessary environment. It has then changed from the one they were born in. The function that a person fulfills is what matters now more than the position that a person will be placed in the society (Durkheim 10).
The division of the society is what shapes the way functions will be distributed as well. The various divisions that can also be referred to as segments are connected by particular attractions to become organs. The different classes of the society can be said to have no origin or even nature. They only erupt from the interaction of the professional organization. However, the interaction of this professional organization cannot last for a long time due to the existence of hostilities that usually blow up. Division of labor, in this case, can only be of the simple type when there is the presence of such a stiff and well-defined type of society. However, the application can only increase if the community manages to free itself and become flexible (Durkheim 11).
When looking at organic solidarity, there is clearly the aspect of reliance due to the specialization of tasks and the balances that are found between people. This has then been seen to be a development that exists and happens in societies that are modernized and industrialized as well (Durkheim 12).
Division of labor has been observed to bring people together. However, if it only brought together people who only bond for a short period with the aim of exchanging their personal services, then there would be no regulatory process required. There is also a certain way that is used to allocate duties and rights. It is usually created by utilization, and it then ends up becoming an obligation. The rules of division of labor do not normally set up the state of mutual dependence, but it only exists for the reason of defining it regarding a situation that is in the society (Durkheim 13).
There is also an association of labor and capital that have then become interdependent. There is also a tiny place that is found in the legal code and especially when there is the consideration of diversity and complexity that they are required to regulate (14). It is, therefore, evident that in the lower people in the society, there is an inflexibility that is attained in a collective way. The first role to be done here is to be like everyone else and not to hold anything personal whether it is beliefs or practices (16). There is also the belief that in higher societies, the activity that exists is to specialize. However, it is always significant for people to limit their horizons and choose a particular task that they can totally engage themselves. This is the option instead of having to make the final products that only obtains their value from the services they give. This type of specialization should then be encouraged and especially if the society is of a higher group.
Part Two
In the Western societies, men have always been seen to be superiors to the women. This has mainly been observed in industries or even commerce sectors. They have also been denied equal access to wealth. There are various social influences that are used to keep the women out of the lucrative opportunities in jobs in the society. This also raises the issue of gender inequality as well (Jackson 1).
However, women have been seen to practice equally specialization in various fields just like the men, yet they are not given equal chances in most cases. The inequality witnessed among the women in the society has further been observed to be as a result of the men conflicting their employment. These men have then succeeded to keep the women economically marginalized. This can be attributed to the men and women having to share the intimacy and obligations of the family as mothers and fathers for instance. This has then led to the society defining the roles of women as being confined to the home environment only. Only a few women have managed to rise out of this belief and compete with the men in the various job positions (Jackson 4).
The current marginalization that women face is also brought by their lack of aggressiveness to gain an income or even verify that they can also bring economic success. In any job setting, there are skills that are required for one to specialize. However, the division of labor regarding the various skills and knowledge was seen to fit with what the women had. They were observed to lack some of the necessary skills and knowledge (Jackson 6).
Division of labor is also required to give a full range of the abilities and powers that every individual possess. It is also reliant on the diversity of men as well. Division of labor cannot be carried out if everyone in the society has the same skills. Women have long been observed to specialize in almost similar skills, and this is what has caused them to miss out on the lucrative job opportunities in the Western societies (Rothbard par 3.).
In the Western societies, the employers were mostly observed to be men and thus intensified the discrimination against women more when it came to employing people in the organizations. There is also the belief among the male employers that is against their economic interest to hire women. This was especially about the skilled or high-status jobs. Women were mostly viewed as not being productive or people that could be relied on. The amount of work is also a determinant when hiring individuals. Women have been associated with delivering less work, unlike the men. It has thus been seen in the organizations that when duties are divided, they are given light duties or less workload as well (Jackson 13).
The discrimination against women has however been seen to reduce as they are proving their productivity as well in the job sector. However, some of the organizations in the Western societies are still showing inequality against the women which is not fair since there are equal education opportunities to impart the men and women with an almost similar level of skills and knowledge.
Works Cited
Durkheim 1893
Jackson, Robert Max. "Economic Inequality and the Division of Labor." 2010. 18 April 2016 <http://www.nyu.edu/classes/jackson/future.of.gender/Readings/DownSoLong--Economy.pdf>.
Rothbard, Murray N. Freedom, Inequality, Primitivism, and the Division of Labor. 8 September 2008. 18 April 2016 <https://mises.org/library/freedom-inequality-primitivism-and-division-labor>.
