- Introduction
- Aim
This study aims at establishing two different water sources and developing critical comparisons between these two water systems and their use in the Arabian Gulf.
- Information specific to region ( water situation )- evidence.
The Gulf region is a dryland which extends from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman to the mountains of Aimen. The arid area symbolically stretches through the vast area and the arid belt includes high and low mountainous regions. The lack of vegetation and water resources in the Gulf encapsulates dry sub-humid areas. The characteristic features of the massive desert including land degradation, deforestation and the application of technologies which are inappropriate are majorly responsible for the widespread dissertation.
An evidenced study indicate that the water availability in the gulf region is critically low and thus, improving infrastructure across this region would define an important position for creating permanent water supply. Thus, the region lacks waterbeds and plates that would be important in ensuring that use and reuse systems are put in place. Although these countries have huge lumps of oil, there are several environmental challenges.
The water provision program is established within the production, use and reuse principle as well as a guided operational techniques and classification paradigm. The population factor explains that water scarcity is ideal and relevant for managing the stringent environmental requirements.
- Background
Water resources in this region are very scarce and it suffers from a large land of desert with little vegetation cover. The countries in the region receive minimal rainfall annual and scanty rainfall as well as its infrequent occurrence contributes largely to reduced overall water shortages. The significance of the mountainous regions and the high temperatures throughout the year makes it hard to have enough water. The resultant high level precipitation and the accumulation of salts in lakes increase the level of water loss into the atmosphere. The average amount of rain per annum is about 209.33 m3 and this varies significantly across the region. Due to the examined water shortage, there is need to device ideal mechanisms that would be utilized in collecting and using water in the Gulf region.
- Water problem around the world (context) – evidence
Water Scarcity occurs rapidly within a significantly unchanged environment as Myres, (1980) argued with reference to unmanaged forest management process in major world forests. Forest depletion in the gulf region is by far highly stretched and among the worst affected in the world. Major causes including illegal logging, constructing physical infrastructure and applying unlimited land clearing technologies to remove the forest cover cause serious problems within the affected region. This process is thought to be a causative element of the damage that changes the virtual ecosystem and seriously erodes the top rich soils within which the ground vegetation is damaged. The destructions ultimately lead to loss of effectively productive land as well as extensive loss of diversity leading to massive landslides, increased flooding and definite land degradation. Degradation as explained by Carter, (2003) is responsible for loss of the ecosystem and subsequent dysfunctional socio-economic levels within the community.
- Presentation of options (how they work)
Two important water use options are ideally in use today an various phenomena are put into focus while looking at the procedures of that are in accordance with key water resources necessary to improve livelihoods. According to Kafle, (1997), water scarcity occurs sparingly through a range of influential factors that propel and support destruction of water catchment standards. Relevantly, this is impacted by lack of proper legislation and the growing need for land and other forest resources has significantly negated any shifts in the creation of protections within the water environment.
- Option 1 (including evidence)
Piped water supply method enables water to be shared as per agreeable distribution channels and lines in the Gulf region. However, pumping water from underground suffers from some limitations. In many countries that practice it, the deep aquifers are limited and are not ideal to satisfy the pumping process.
- Option 2
Waterborne sewage treatment method is done by utilizing accepted technologies and operational techniques. The scale of operation in this method is wide and it includes varied platforms marked by various scales of conservations. The desalination technology is both complex and does have a short lifespan. Thus, the expected increase in water reuse is hindered by repeated environmental misharps and critical shortages in the disbursement of efficient, less costly technology.
- Requirement of options
In the Arabian Gulf Region, the main causes of scarcity of water include global warming, desertification of the environment and human activities. Complete destruction of water catchment areas occurs as a result of a vast of factors which Myers, 1980) explained conclusively that it is an indiscriminate and a deliberate procedure involving total clearing and conversion of forests for various gains.
Forest clearing has been aided by practices relative to governmental programmes such as developing new structures and ultimate need to reclaim land for settlement and reuse. Water treatment plants are available in the UAE and Kuwait. Other countries practicing in small scale include Oman, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.
There is several water pumping machines across the Gulf. In several other areas including Qatar and Oman, large scale water machines are installed in the lower mountainous region.
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- Cost
considering the range of negative externalities and disconnected factors, the costs involved in the treatment, distribution and management of water resources vary greatly.
In the Gulf region, the calculation of the overall use is determined the delviering water quantities and the overall distribution mechanism. The situational level includes developing the costing for the individual water factor. Improved sanitation and relative concepts in the overall use, economic management and equitable distribution offer the signficant metrics captured in the study.
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- Environment
Kafle, (1997) argues that the consequences of water scarcity are greatly diverse and have both local and global impact on both the environment and the communities. Due to the effective environmental concentrations that reflect the functions as well as the services it provides, attempts on environment are thought to be hugely detrimental and essential ecosystem that naturally occurs is completely and permanently destroyed upon touching any point in the natural environment. This study reflects the works of Sponsel et al, (1996) whose provisional analysis explain that the forest is made up of various flora and fauna which actually participation in the protection of the soils from both heavy rainfall and strong sunlight. The activities reflected by forest degradation leads to increased soil erosion and subsequently reducing the biological diversity associated with protected natural forests.
- Comparison of options
In the global perspective the Millenium Declaration indicated that water is the central element in human existence and thus the expansiveness of its use need to be fully focused on. In the gulf region, piped water is today being widely used due to the simple and easy methods of instalations. From this analytical perspective, it can be observed that strategic installation of piped water is guided by technological and functional factors that hence establishes improved access to safe drinking water in the gulf region.
Water collected from sewages, toilets and other areas are treated and then reused for a number of indoor and outdoor requiurements. Thus, in the universal application of reuse include the unique application of certified treatment methods which do not pose any threat to humans and animas.
- Cost
- The cost estimation for the conservation by three planting amounts to $400m over the next 3 year period. This include plantations management and development.
- The cost involved in the organizational management is quite smaller and estimated at $140m over the enxt 3 year period.
Contaminants and the respective water treatments (costs)
Figure 1: Comparion of water treatment
Source: Walker, 2003
- Environment
Environmental degradation control mechanisms according to Walker, (2003) could relevantly be improved and managed considering a huge role of the government and environmental agencies. Initial documentation and management of relevant inputs provide important analytical steps that are objectively created to ensure that forests are managed and ideally prevented from destruction. Government agencies including ministries of forestry and natural resources are widely available in most countries across the globe. Effective mechanisms are supported by various internal and external forces within which proper establishment of the ideal environments reference methods are enacted. Further roles by key international agencies such as the UN environmental bodies would enable governments to have manpower and financial resources to develop relevant steps to prevent environmental destruction. Subsequent steps are evidenced by proper agreements basing on critical water sources across the gulf region and byond.
6 Recommendation –
Ecological sustainability has provided unique strategies within which the environment and its relative attributes in the gulf region are maintained and allowed to principally operate under minimum loss. Considering the existence of natural environments, procedural understanding of the natural eco-system is stimulated in order to support the communities within the natural environment. Ultimately, the beneficial roles of micro-organisms and other animals are structurally evaluated and determined by understanding the relevant practices within the community level. Further study evaluation distinctly explain the economic values of distinct development which would sustain the environment while at the same time ensuring that the community benefits from the resources effectively.
Achieving ecological sustainability is hence factored on the societal perception on the role of forests and infinite measures within which the earth is able to provide relevant maintenance of its huge diversity.
- Conclusion-
It is ethically and morally right for business to defend the environment against harmful and toxic gasses that are released to the air and waste chemicals directed to the rivers, oceans and lakes. The industries are expected to reduce the emission of toxins to the air and the environment in rivers and lakes. This will make sure that Arabian Gulf Region has clean water for the future.
Further, planting more trees and combating tropical deforestation is an important factor in managing bad weather in the Middle East. This measure would also result in enhanced food production practices. At this stage, it has become highly imperative for humans to adopt healthy lifestyle changes to reduce the impacts of global warming in the long run. However, it is equally important to understand that least developed countries are the ones that are deeply affected by the variations in climate as well as such countries have limited resources and weaker economies to bear the losses (Norbert 67).
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Environmental Protection Agency. Climate Change Indicators in the United States, Washington,DC. EPA 430-R-10-007. Pp.74, 2010. Accessed on November 10, 2013 at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/indicators.html.
http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/global-warming-climate-change/index.htm
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