Electricity And Magnetism Essay Example

This video highlights the development of theory of interaction of electricity with magnetism. A number of scientists were involved in understanding, interpreting and validating electromagnetism with simple experiments involving current and magnetic elements. During September 1820, Ampere investigated magnetic effects of repulsion/attraction between like/unlike poles. He developed theory of electro-dynamics related to magnetism as interaction of current elements. Laplace was skeptical of his ideas while some other scientists like Fernel started thinking on converse patterns.
Some other scientists like Jean Fernel focused on theory of production of electricity by magnetism and production of currents in conducting metals. Jean Fernel carried out experiments to observe these phenomena. Ampere also contributed with his innovative experiment to keep magnet near two current carrying loops and observing induction of current.
UK scientists were also busy in exploring new grounds in electromagnetism. Scientists researched that current carrying wire produces traverse forces on magnetic needle kept near it. Faraday inspired by such findings, made prototype electromagnetic motor. He further investigated that current carrying conductor could rotate magnet and vice versa, Ampere validated the results of Faraday and could confirm the direction of continuous rotation also
In Geneva, Ampere continued his experiments with his colleagues. Current carrying coil could induce current in a ring kept outside it. It was a big question at that time that why this phenomenon doesn’t occur in magnets.
During 1824, Erigo found that magnets placed on metals show deflection. If metals are rotated, the magnetic needle would start rotating also. This effect is also called Erigo effect. Magnets could also be repelled by the rotating disc. Erigo repeated experiment on effect of rotation of metallic disc on current carrying solenoid.
In UK, scientists started wondering whether rotating magnet could also rotate metallic disc (suspended near rotating magnet). This was found true. Moreover, it was found that converse to Erigo results that the motion of disc could be decelerated by magnet depending upon its orientation. Then the quest started to find the time required inducing magnetism in metallic discs placed in near magnets. These small delays couldn’t be calculated at that time.
Michael Faraday performed experiments to induce current in metals by neighboring currents that took research in electromagnetism to elevated levels and theory of Erigo started subsiding. Experiments were also carried out in Geneva in addition to Paris. Cauldron repeated experiments to induce current in helix by magnets using galvanometer as sensitive equipment. Galvanometer was connected to helix by long wires and magnet was placed inside helix. He found no evidence of currents in helix that negated theory of Erigo.
Faraday continued his efforts to observe induce currents by magnets instead of currents now. He concluded that any closed current carrying loop will interact with magnet brought near to it. At last, his efforts brought fruit as he found that currents are induced in coils placed near strong magnets or electromagnets. The important thing was that time varying magnetic fields could induce electricity instead of static magnetism alone. Moreover, time varying currents could also induce currents because they also act as a source of varying magnetic fields. The currents are induced in opposite direction as back EMF. You could move either magnet near current carrying coil or vice versa. Only relative motion is important. The results of Faraday became quite popular throughout the globe. The only problem remained the direction of induced currents. His study has pronounced effect in research and development of electromagnetic theory in future.