Analysis of Love
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Abstract
Love is extremely difficult object for psychological analysis. About Love says a lot - frequency dictionaries of modern languages attest to, this is one of the most commonly used words. At the same time, as noted by J. Cunningham and John Antil, all this is true for anyone wanting to also love still less than any other aspect of reality can be described in sufficient detail in the framework of a single discipline, it requires the knowledge of interdisciplinary studies, including data and methods are not only psychological, but also sociology, biology, ethnography, history, art, and many other disciplines. Without calling itself the task of synthesizing all of the facts and ideas that touch the phenomenon of love, we will focus only on some results and problems of its psychological research
First of all, one must determine whether the concept of love reflects some kind of psychological reality is different whether the syndrome is related feelings and behaviors specimens from those associated with other concepts ( eg , friendship , sex , etc. ), and has this syndrome sufficient specificity ? In general, these questions can be answered positively. For example, J. and P. Forgos Dobots showed that most respondents differ in their own experience of sexual love, on the one hand, and of friendship - with another. According to the views of the people interviewed by the authors, each of these phenomena can exist independently of the other, which is consistent and quite often a combination of them in the same relationships. With amorous feelings associated well-defined sense , membership of which is to love no doubt among their carriers. Thus , analyzing the 240 respondents describe their feelings , K. and K. Dion came to the conclusion that a set of related experiences with love include euphoria , depressive feelings , tendency to fantasize , sleep disturbance, general excitement and difficulty in concentration. Attention
There are clear behavioral correlates of love, not distinctive for other types of feelings and attitudes. In laboratory studies it is shown, for example, in a social structure lovers in comparison with the test , which does not associate this feeling - love twice talking to each other and eight times spend more time looking into each other's eyes . There is, finally, and the number of differences at the level of behavior nonlaboratory
Interestingly, the amorous feelings and related behaviors own famous sex characteristics, and the direction of the differences are not always suited to traditional notions of psychological unusually men and women. Thus , contrary to prevailing stereotypes , men are generally characterized by a great level of romanticism than women prytche easier and fall in love, to a greater degree divide romantic notions about love. The desire for men to fall in love more than a strong base to start the relationship than women . Women love goes prytche than men , they are more often the initiators of the gap and the easier it is to survive . At the same time, in the steady- amorous relationships, women tend to be more self-disclosure on the pretext of their feelings (which , incidentally, are more suitable romantic canon character than in men) and above tend to regard their partner than he sees them .. These differences are the result of the great development of the narrow-minded, gender- relations in the ontogeny
Friendship of girls, for example, is characterized by greater intimacy and selectivity than friendship of boys, girls chat in pairs is of a different nature than in pairs of boys, etc. It must be said that the issue of sex differences in love cannot be resolved outside of the temporal and social context. So, do change ideas about gender differences that are compelling stage these differences and support (as people rush to fit the stereotype)
For example, conducted in 1978 survey of 900 men and women found that the majority of respondents did not give superiority to women in Romanticism, as to be expected, focusing on traditional notions
Note that in the concept of love is not related to science people have a lot more certainty than in the psychological laboratory - only 16% of men and 10% of women expressed skepticism about whether they know what love is, and the rest in this sense it is a sure
Obviously, the term love combined qualitatively different relationship. So anoint and a sense of mother-to-child, and the attitudes of young people. With the same reason it is possible to talk about marriage and love, and love to something impersonal, for example, to the business. In psychology, there are many attempts to isolate specific types of quality of love. The most famous of these typologies is the classification proposed by Erich Fromm. He identifies five types of love: fraternal, maternal, erotic, love of self and love of God
The vast majority of philosophical and psychological typologies of love are purely a priori character, allocation mechanism in which certain types usually seen as belonging to different types of the same class amorous feelings is often lost. The greater interest are those typologies, in which the logic of isolating variants of love and lends itself to explicate wanting to test the theoretical
The attempt of creation of such a typology has been undertaken within the framework of T. Kemper developed their social and interactive theory of emotions
In any relationship ( not only interpersonal , but also those who are the subjects of the whole social system, such as the state) Kemper identifies two distinct factors - power, ie, the ability to force a partner to do what you desire , and status - the desire to partner in communication to meet the demands of the subject. The desired result is achieved in the second case, so do not Cylon , and thanks to the positive attitude partner
LY Gozman Based on these two factors , T. Kemper identified seven types of amorous relations in the pair : 1) romantic love in which both members of the couple own and status, and because each of them can punish another by depriving it of its manifestations love , power, respect for the partner , and 2) the brotherly love that is based on mutual high status and is characterized by low power - lack of opportunities to coercion , and 3) a charismatic love in which one partner owns and status and power, the other - only status. An example of such a relationship in some cases may be a relationship in a pair of teacher - student, and 4) a betrayal - one partner owns and power and status , the other - just power. An example of such a relationship, which gave the name to this type, the situation can be marital infidelity, when the partner has entered into a new relationship, the spouse saves power, but will not cause the desire to go out to meet him , that is no longer to 5) Love - one of the partners owns and power, and status, otherwise - does not have neither one nor the other . An illustration of the relationship can be one-sided, or unrequited love , and 6) worship - one partner has status , not owning authority does not own any other status and power. This situation occurs when the lack of a real interaction between members of the couple, for example, when being in love with a literary character or actor , familiar from the films only , and 7) the love between a parent and a young child. One partner here has high status, but low power (the child) , other ( parent) - low status , as her love for him has not yet been formed , but the high level of government
Love is in the description of Maslow is very different from those phenomena which occur using the same name as other researchers. So, from his point of view and according to him , the satisfaction of psychological and sexual side of the relationship among the members of couples over the years, not diminished , as usual, but increasing. In general, longer dating partners is associated with increased satisfaction. Partners have continued and growing interest in each other, the interest in the affairs of each other, etc. They are very excellent know each other; their relationship is almost no elements of perceptual distortions inherent in romantic love. They manage to combine a sober assessment of the other, the awareness of his flaws with the full acceptance of it for what it is, and that is the main factor that contributes to the psychological comfort. They are often loved and were in love at the time of the survey. They are not ashamed of their feelings, but at the same time, the relatively rare use the word love to describe the relationship (apparently, this is due to the highest standards in interpersonal relationships) . Sexual relationships deliver test Maslow very great satisfaction, and they are always associated with their narrow-minded emotional contact. When lack of psychological intimacy in a sexual relationship they do not come . Anecdotally, wanting sex plays a great role in the relationship examined Maslow couples, they easily experience the frustration of sexual needs. The relationship of these people truly have equal rights, they have no division between male and female roles , there are no double standards and other prejudices . They cherish faithful to each other, which manifests itself in daily life , such as lack of marital betrayal, and in times of difficulties and ailments . In the words of Abraham Maslow, one ailment becomes both an ailing
Maslow described the situation may be an illustration of one main unusualness of love, which , ideally, must always be present in amorous relationships. In fact, there is a steady long term love always love despite the flaws, imperfections partner , as if in spite of them . Long and close communication does not give people the possibility of not seeing the negative qualities partner - according to the logic of the daily that prints the love and affection of whether an object of extraordinary merit, it makes an incredible love. The ability of others to take the same, distinctive for mentally healthy people , allows them to maintain a sense of love in spite of the awareness of each other's imperfections impartial
Sources
Fromm, Erich; The Art of Loving, Harper Perennial (1956), Original English Version, ISBN 978-0-06-095828-2
Helen Fisher. Why we love: the nature and chemistry of romantic love. 2004.
McElroy, Wendy. "The Free Love Movement and Radical Individualism." Libertarian Enterprise .19 (1996): 1.
Kristeller, Paul Oskar (1980). Renaissance Thought and the Arts: Collected Essays. Princeton University. ISBN 0-691-02010-8.
Leibniz, Gottfried. "Confessio philosophi". Wikisource edition. Retrieved Mar 25, 2009.
