Women and Gender Studies
Article Review: Equity Study In Canada: Race, class and gender paradigms in Canada
Complex societies like Canada had a variety of challenges in terms of race, gender, and class imbalance. Razack, 1990 explains the various paradigms that determine each factor in the course of action. This review draws from a variety of major theoretical orientations that define the art of true activism. Race being vital in this outlook determines a complete set of nuances rather than other values like societies, gender, and class. These elements provide major inequities of all times. There is a critical interlocking between the major activities and the ethnic ties within the region. As such, the perspective of feminism and neo-Marxism paradigm are in tandem with the expositions available. After a tendency period, there is bound to be a controversial factor in the affairs of the nationals and the affiliation maze. Sorenson 2003 offers a firm statement that the racial and ethnic factor did not correlate to the activity index to warrant active involvement of all ethnic, gender and class activities. Rather, they are taken together based on the degree of inclusion therein. This point of affiliation is relative to the dimension if individual experience that becomes necessary to explain different circumstances of affiliations. Therefore, these nuances consider a variety of categories that are common in the gender and race discourse and the relationship they bestow on the common agenda.
The Canadian Perspective
Racism forms
The contexts of occurrence in racism determine the form that it takes at all angles. One differential factor lies in the form that dwells upon attitudes and behavioral tendencies at all spheres. Such tendencies differentiate between the individual’s behaviors and attitudes set to achieve something. One common activity about black people dwells on the perception that they are lazy, slow, and languid. While these may stay at a level of baseless thoughts alone, various forms are qualified as everyday racism in progress. These forms like refusal to sit next to a black person on a bus or not shaking their hands are the forms that are more prevalent and undetected in regions like Canada. Some policies are also blatantly racial like a requirement in some police forces to have every officer with a certain height and weight. These target certain races and leaves out others in the maze. One common cultural affiliation also occurs in the usage of black to refer to negative factors. These factors include words like “blackmail” and “black sheep.” These factors engineer and steer a lot of culminating factors in the horizons of racial and gender inequities.
Individual racism holds the belief that one’s race is better values and beliefs that are lacking in other races. In some cases, according to Wellman, 1977:24, some forms of prejudice are hidden or rather unnoticed in their activity states thereby leading to a more subtle tendency. Parekh 1987: viii entails a logical explanation of racism as a factor that corresponds to the activity index and derives a more elaborate structure through nurture and activity. He says that racist attitudes are elements that develop in individuals over time. Often, they are cultivated and they grow in proportion to the notion and level of activity one relates to them. Certain personality types have intolerant and prejudiced acts, which categorizes them as racists in nature. What Wellman stresses is the middle class Caucasian household, which withdraws a more liberal stand towards other races. This makes many middle class whites liberal yet having hidden tendencies therein.
Conclusion
In conclusion, other forms of racism are evident in the levels of association and interaction register. For the cultural and ideological racial tendencies, there are three values relevant namely, value, norm and belief system. For the institutional racism, policies and practice procedures become relevant in defining the actual relationship at different angles. All these are values that become relevant when exposed to various channels like the media, education systems, and cultural artifacts, policing tendencies, justice and the legal system and human service relations. All these values demonstrate the ability to correlate each variance with an appropriate means of actualization. All these point towards an ethnocentric and colonization feature of disparity.
Website review: Foreign farm workers in Ontario: representations in the newsprint media
Immigrant workers in Ontario
For a long time now, Ontario has become the beneficiary of incoming workers from the two-neighboring regions namely Mexico and the Caribbean. As depicted by numerous news media and sites, the surge of workers has had an immense impact on the economic activities of the state with a close impact on trade and the income per capita of the region. Basok (2002:3) asserts that the workers have left a great value on the state in terms of increase in the demand and supply of goods across. They are great consumers, which ensure that a lot of production occurs in the region up to $33.6 million dollars. The labor and work force of these workers derive the farming component of the major structures in place. The newspapers and media podcasts have had divergent opinions over these workers with a particular inclination to their insurgence during the period of 1996 and the year 2002. Research reveals a complex depiction of the foreign workers in Ontario and the various manifestations that become evident in the process.
Research perspectives
According to the various literature reviews of the research, different programs had different means of deriving a new dimension of association. There have been various restrictive legislations to control the nature of new immigrants to the state and the mere activity of each action to end the variety. The offshore program was a one-pack facility that encouraged the agriculture output of the states in relation to the nuances available in the long term. The offshore program had a main intention to increase prosperity in terms of economy and migrant workers welfare. According to Greenhill and Aceytuno 2002, the new systems became valid after a process of racialization and the unequal representation and treatment of non-Caucasian workers in the hemisphere. One particular text by Avery 1991: 136v describes certain Negro males in the mines as childlike, lazy, and indolent in the mannerism. Their actions were related to forms of stupidity and active languid selves. The other immigrants from the Caribbean became a symbol of prostitution and immorality. The author went ahead to describe the major symbols that every employer posted on the workers from the Caribbean. They were stereotyped as inappropriate for the Ontario weather in Canada and were only admitted temporarily under strict watch (Saltzewich 1991: 145-180). Major discourse in these times had an excluded life for the immigrant workers in the region. Often, these workers went home a few times every year and lived on the farms where they worked. These, coupled with the fact that their English were inadequate and insufficient became a common barrier between them and the locals. They were cut out and often lived in isolation like in some lone island of desiccation.
Relevance of the research designs to the issue
The research design covered a variety of newspaper columns in the region. The major discourse in main columns was the devalued contribution of the immigrant workers in the region. One instance in depicted by Hier & Greenberg 2002, was the display of Chinese immigrants as human cargo and a human avalanche. The Ontario daily posts had a certain depictions of these workers that became interesting to many. Several other agents derived many attitudes of different people towards the immigrant workers. One common phenomenon that faced the press in this time was the lack one voice to speak during various onslaughts. Therefore, various news depicted had a multifaceted value with a different dimensions of the same phenomenon. As such, various agencies had different dimensions of the same immigrants, which led to the conflict of ideas and debates.
The methods of research were extensive and often heralded a multiple of vicissitudes. The electronic accessibility of such media became a major element with Newscan, EBSCO and other search engines. The timeline dwelt within the period of 1997 and the year 2002. From the search, the Hamilton spectator had the greatest number of articles with 23 from 1997 to 2002. Through the representation, gender did not become a major element of analysis. The information available did not correlate to the major instincts of association available. From the searches and the results, it is evident that the searches were extensive though not comprehensive in some cases. For instance, the keywords that became necessary did not exhaust the determinate value of each element thereby diminishing the value addition of each element. Going to the specifics of the search would have also yielded more information n particular groups like gender and ethnic groups.
Economic implications
On economy, there was a major depiction of migrant workers with a variety of developments in the horticultural field. The changes in economy and the restructurings at various angles like farm operations and cheap labor manuals became reminiscent of acute radicalism. One problem that many Canadians posed in the development arena was the inability to work extra time all seasons. These made immigrants more likely to make a better pay at the farms. One article, The Windsor Star had such differences to make of the two categories of immigrant workers and Canadian workers. The Canadian employees had an overall of $26.75 per hour, in addition to a living allowance and a minimum working hour of 7.5 shifts and voluntary work time every Sundays. This contrasted sharply with the immigrants who had an hourly rate of $7 against a work time of 12 hours a day with a half-day rest every week. A critic regards this as utterly outrageous for the unfortunate immigrants who worked very hard and lacked necessary means to keep themselves afloat. According to the Marxist theory, the idea was a political economist view, which ensured that the employees went on, and on without getting an effective means of salvaging their situation.
One could not help noticing the manner in which the press handled crime occurring in the immigrants’ life. Many press factors had captions with a mere depiction of immigrants involved in criminal acts and jail. Caption like Mexican worker jailed for assaulting girlfriend and such became the norm of the day.
Conclusion
Reference
Razack, “Making Canada White: Law and Policing of Bodies of Color in the 1990s
Henry, F, Tator, C. Mattis, W. Rees (Eds) (2000) Excerpts from: The Colors of democracy: Racism In Canadian Society (2nd Ed) Toronto. Harcourt Brace & Company (p. 51-58).
Sorenson, John (2003) In J Blackwell, M. Smith J. Sorenson (Eds). Culture of Prejudice: Arguments in Critical social science (pp79-85) Peterborough: Broader Press.
Loomba, Anna (1998) Situating Colonial and Post colonial studies In Colonialism and post colonialism. (pp. 1-19) London Routledge.
Basok, Tanya (2002) Tortillas and Tomatoes: Transmigrant Mexican Harvesters in
Canada. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queens’s University Press.
Aime’ Cesaire (2000), Discourse on Colonialism. New York Monthly Review Press. P 42
Byline, Diane Wilhelm (1999) Title: Farm workfare a Pipedream -- Letters. The Kingston
Whig-Standard, September 16: 6
Boughner, Bob (2001) Drought No Problem for Peaches: Soft Fruit Did Well With Wet
Spring and Farm Irrigation. The Chatham Daily News -- Business, August 4: 3.
Avery, Roberta (1999) Help wanted: Offshore Workers Necessary in Modern
Agriculture, Growers Say. The Owen Sound Sun Times -- Column, September 29: A5
Beaubien, Roxanne (1999) Migrant Worker Charged with Sex Assault. The London Free
Press, June 17: A4.
