List of Tables VIII
List of Figures IX
List of AbbreviationsX
Abstract XII
CHAPTER ONE– INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction1
1.2 Thesis Problem Statement.. 2
1.3 The Purpose of the Study 2
1.4 Significance of the Study3
1.5 Research Sub-Questions 3
1.6 Methodology..4
1.7 Limitations of the Study.4
CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction ...5
2.2 What is a website? .. 5
2.3 Studies on web Translation. 6
2.4 Studies on Web Localization 7
2.4.1 Degrees of localization .. 9
2.4.2 Text perspectives in localization process 10
2.5 Web Internalization & Web Globalization 10
2.5.1 Web Internalization .11
2.5.2 Web Globalization ..12
CHAPTER THREE: WEBSITE TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
3.1 Introduction.14
3.2 Websites according to Function14
3.2.1 Personal Websites.14
3.2.2 Commercial Websites15
3.2.3 Government Website.16
3.2.4 Non-Profit Organization (NPO) websites 16
3.3 Websites according to the Technical Design17
3.3.1 Static Websites..17
3.3.2 Dynamic Websites17
3.4 Language used in Websites- ....18
3.4.1 Latinized Arabic in websites20
3.5 Websites Translation Techniques 22
3.5.1 Human Translation22
3.5.2 Translating using Electronic Translation Tool..23
3.5.3 Web Machine Translation ..24
3.5.3.1 Google Translation service. 25
3.5.3.2 Google Language Tools26
CHAPTER FOUR: APPROACHES TO WEBSITE TRANSLATION & LSP LEVELS
4.1 Website translation approaches.28
4.2 The Monarchist approach28
4.3 The Anarchist approach 28
4.4 The Federalist approach ...28
4.5 LSP Text29
4.6 LSP Text Levels30
4.6.1 Atomistic Level 30
4.6.2 Holistic Level.30
4.6.3 Hol-atomistic Level30
4.7 Analysis of Al-Watan Newspaper Website as an Anarchist website 32
4.7.1 Analysis of Al-Watan Newspaper website; a Holistic perspective32
4.7.2 Analysis of Al-Watan Newspaper website; Holatomistic perspective34
4.7.3 Analysis of Al-Watan Newspaper website. Atomistic perspective35
4.8 Analysis of a Federalist website: Wikipedia 36
4.8.1 Wikipedia website; a holistic Perspective..37
4.8.2 Wikipedia website; a Hol-atomistic Perspective 38
4.8.3 Wikipedia website; an atomistic Perspective.40
4.9 Analysis of Monarchist Websites translated via Web MT 41
4.9.1 Tribes & Family forums42
4.9.2 Analysis a Monarchist website; Bnyhajr forum website.42
4.9.3 Bnyhajr forum website; a holistic perspective43
4.9.4 Bnyhajr forum website; a Hol-atomistic Perspective.43
4.9.5 Bnyhajr forum website; an atomistic Perspective 46
4.10 Social network websites.. 47
4.10.1 Analysis of a Federalist website; Facebook website.47
4.10.2 Facebook website; a Holistic perspective48
4.10.3 Facebook website; a Hol Atomistic perspective..48
4.10.4 Facebook website; an Atomistic perspective.. 50
CHAPTER FIVE: RESULTS & RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction52
5.2 The main Results52
5.2.1 Lockwood’s Approaches53
5.2.2 Human translation & Electronic translation ...53
5.2.3 Translation’s theories and Procedures55
5.2.4 LSP text 56
5.3 Recommendations ..56
Bibliography..56
Appendixes ...59
