Penile Cancer
One of the important risk factor for penile cancer includes some types of human papilloma virus. The infection of human papilloma virus could increase the risk of having penile cancer. These viruses could spread during sexual intercourse and affect male organs. Individuals who are not circumcised have higher risk of having penile cancer (Blanco-Yarosh, 2007).
The higher risk of penile cancer for uncircumcised men could be due to the development of phimosis and smegma. Older men also have higher risk of having penile cancer than younger men. Men diagnosed with AIDS are also prone to penile cancer. Studies also show that smoking could increase the risk of having penile cancer (Blanco-Yarosh, 2007).
The main issue for the nursing intervention for patients diagnosed with penile cancer is the patient’s assault to sexual function (Blanco-Yarosh, 2007). Caregiver should plan to discuss other ways to pleasure the patient’s partner. The caregiver should also have plans in teaching the use of catheter system during the treatment of penile cancer. Patients with penile cancer should avoid unhealthy activities such as smoking and drinking. Patients should also have plan of care for the wounds after surgery or treatment such as urologic tube care (Blanco-Yarosh, 2007).
Testicular Cancer
One of the main risk factors for having testicular cancer is the condition called undescended testicles or also known as cryptorchidism (Brown, 2004). It is a condition when the testicles failed to go down from the abdomen to the scrotum before the being born. Men with undescended testicles have higher risk of having testicular cancer. Men which are infected by HIV and other virus related to male organs are also prone to having testicular cancer. There are also higher cases of testicular cancer for men with ages 20 to 34 (Brown, 2004). Other risk factors for having testicular cancer include family history and unhealthy activities such as smoking.
Caring for patients diagnosed with testicular cancer should include planning for educating the patients. Nursing interventions should include supportive discussion about the patient’s altered role function and fertility (Brown, 2004). The caregiver should always focus on observing the side effects of medications and treatment of patients diagnosed with testicular cancer. Patients with testicular cancer should avoid unhealthy activities such as smoking and drinking. Patients should also be educated about the implications of their disease to their body image and role function (Brown, 2004).
Prostate Cancer
The main risk factor for the cancer of the prostate gland is age. It means most of the men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer are relatively old. As men age, the probability of having prostate cancer increases. The risk of having prostate cancer is also higher when the individual has a family history of the disease (Held, 1994). The risk is also higher for African Americans. Other unhealthy activities such as unbalanced diet and smoking could increase the risk of having prostate cancer. Some studies show that people who are exposed to toxic chemicals for a long period of time are prone to prostate cancer (Held, 1994).
For nursing intervention, the physician should encourage the patient diagnosed with prostate cancer to urinate 10 to 12 times a day. The patient should also urinate when he suddenly felt pain in the prostate glands. The caregiver should observe the flow and size of urine. The care giver should also maintain sterile equipment such as catheter (Held, 1994). After the surgery, the caregiver should provide antibiotics to the patient. The patient with prostate cancer should avoid unhealthy living such as smoking and drinking.
References
Blanco-Yarosh, M. (2007). Penile Cancer: An Overview. Urologic Nursing, 27(4), 286-290
Brown, C. (2004). Testicular Cancer: An Overview. Urologic Nursing, 24(2)
Held, J. (1994). Cancer of the Prostate: Treatment and Nursing Implications. Oncology Nursing Forum, 9(1), 1517-1529
