Schema refers to organized body of knowledge that has been collected over time and stored in the memories of individuals. This knowledge makes one make expectations on certain issues. It is created through experiences of individuals or information collected from the others. Schema is what causes prejudice and bias in the expectations of individuals. This is because the information already stored may be based on assumptions or may be wrong. Since the individuals have strong beliefs based on the information they have, people become biased on certain issues. The concept of schema was proposed by Frederic Bartlett who was a British psychologist. However, the theory was later explained by Jean and Anderson who were psychologists (Feldam, 2011).
Constructive processing is the process of critically analyzing an issue/the world so that a good decision can be made. Constructive reasoning is related to schema because schema is used in everyday life in evaluating an issue. People use the information that they already have to evaluate different situations so that they can make the best decisions. Using schema in constructive processing makes one make expectations on issues that are yet to happen. Therefore, constructive processing is greatly related to schema.
I do not agree with the conclusion that eyewitnesses are generally accurate. Research has shown that eye witness accuracy is interfered with in several stages. In the first place, during the incidence, an individual may perceive an event inaccurately. This may depend on the prejudice of an individual. Once an individual sees wrong things during the incidence, such information becomes inaccurate. The time between occurrence of an event and the time individual gives information collected through eyewitness is important (Russell, 2004). When the time is long, the chances are that a lot of information has been forgotten and the accurate information cannot be obtained. The questions that are asked when the eyewitness information is being obtained matters. The questions may make the eyewitness give wrong information. All these factors limit the accuracy of eye witness information.
References.
Feldam, R. (2011)Looseleaf for Understanding Psychology. McGraw-Hill Education
Russell, J., Jarvis, M., & Gorman, P. (2004). Angles on psychology. Cheltenham, U.K: Nelson Thornes.
