everal factors affect judgments that are related to the development of self-image. Such perceptions may include the Dentofacial attractiveness (Alvanos, 14). These factors may include social, physical and sometimes, psychological factors. In the current world, an individual’s social interaction is based on their physical attraction. As such, the physical attraction of an individual plays a great role in ensuring one comfortable life and associates well with their peers. The three dimensional facial characteristics in females greatly differ, depending on one’s aesthetics. As such, this calls for clinical evaluation of the facial and dental aesthetics (Becker et al., 21).
/>
The class II malocclusion individuals tend to have a narrower face when compared to those that fall in the class I. They also tend to have a mandibular deficiency. In the category of children, class II tends to have increased facial convexity (Fekonja, 12). They also mostly have less prominent soft tissues in their mandibles. This is unlike children who have normal occlusion. Studies on evaluating the size of the soft tissues on quantitative evaluation tend to reveal that the facial a person’s skeletal class influences the facial soft tissues. A person’s age and sex also play a major part. Essentially, as one moves from birth to early adulthood, the landmarks of the soft tissues tend to have a progressive modification. This, among many more reasons, demonstrates the importance of analyzing the soft tissue in the orthodontic treatment. The facial matrix of the soft tissue may end up limiting the therapeutic intervention, which further illustrates its importance (Trotman et al., 22).
Mastication, swallowing and other oral functions often require an anterior oral seal which is effective (Naini et al., 43). Unfortunately, in most cases, this is inadequate in the subjects of Class II. As such, it is important to have soft tissue improvements. Through the Twin Block appliance (TBA), this is possible. Importantly, the TBA plays a major role in advancing the mandibles. However, it is such a difficult task to understand the response of the soft tissues. As such, there is some difficulty in predicting what will happen after the treatment. Despite this, after completing the TBA treatment, the lip seal may be obtained (Das et al.,65). This leads to improvements in the facial appearance. The class II subjects have a tendency of reducing their facial convexity as the growth changes. Essentially, such improvements can only be maintained in the post-treatment phase of TBA. As such, it is important to note that the improvements in one’s social profile can be as a result of TBA treatment (Dickens et al., 67).
The 3D soft measurements of the soft tissues are correlated with cephalometric data. On a similar note, the traditional cephalometry of the soft tissue may give dubious clinical and scientific value. As such, size differences overwhelm the shape similarities. This, therefore, calls for an ideal assessment of shape and size in the assessment of the facial form and the forms change. Morphometric techniques that include FESA play a crucial role in enhancing the decomposition of the morphological integration (Mamou et al., 40).
At the prepubertal ages, the craniofacial structures have only modest sexual dimorphism. There have been reported, however, facial growths in sexual dimorphism. In boys, the linear distances in the soft tissues are significantly larger when compared to those in ladies (Lattes et al., 67). In adults, however, the cutaneous facial landmarks have no significance to the sex differences. Prepubertal boys, therefore, tend to have a large increase in their soft tissues when compared to the prepubertal girls (Bennet et al., 76).
For prepubertal males, their soft tissue nodal mesh exhibits allometry that is positive. There is always, however, a conspicuous place in the labiodental groove (Bosniak et al., 54). Contrary to this, the mental and the lip region tend to show a negative allotment. In female configuration, there is positive allometry. However, this is less when compared to that found in the males. Both males and females, however, have a similarity in that their labiodental groove shows positive allometry. However, there is negative allometry in the upper and lower lips (Gebbeck, 65).
The adolescent growth spurt induces the soft tissues to change. Essentially, the changes in the soft tissues tend to emphasize on the chin and the nose. As an effect, in boys, the nose tends to become more prominent as when compared to the females. A positive allometry is also marked, especially in the nasal region. The chin also exhibits such changes in the positive allometry (Mac, 55). The difference to the allotment that takes place in the females is that the females exhibit a less change in the mental region. Nevertheless, they both experience positive allometry.
Works Cited
Alvanos, Angelos. A Study of the Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Cervical Pull Headgear on Patients Having Class Ii Malocclusion with Low or High Mandibular Plane Angles. N.p., 2005. Print.
Bahreman, Aliakbar. Early-age Orthodontic Treatment. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence, 2013. Print.
Becker, Adrian. Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Print.
Bennett, John C. Orthodontic Management of Uncrowded Class Ii Division 1 Malocclusion in Children. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2006. Print.
Berenson, Bernard. Aesthetics and History. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1954. Print.
Berkowitz, Samuel. Cleft Lip and Palate: Diagnosis and Management. Berlin: Springer, 2013. Print.
Bosniak, Stephen L, and Marian Cantisano-Zilkha. Minimally Invasive Techniques of Oculofacial Rejuvenation. New York: Thieme, 2005. Print.
Bouchez, Richard. Clinical Success in Invisalign Orthodontic Treatment. Paris: Quintessence Publishing, 2011. Print.
Brons, Rijnko. Facial Harmony: Standards for Orthognathic Surgery and Orthodontics. London: Chicago, 1998. Print.
Consensus Recommendations on the Use of Botulinum Toxin Type a in Facial Aesthetics: [meeting, April 3 and 4, 2004]. Hagerstown, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004. Print.
Das, Gupta T. K, and Prabir K. Chaudhuri. Tumors of the Soft Tissues. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1998. Print.
Das, Gupta T. K. Tumors of the Soft Tissues. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1983. Print.
Fekonja, Anita. Treatment Effects in an Anterior Open Bite Class Ii Malocclusion with Two Different Functional Appliances. N.p., 2012. Print.
Ganghoffer, J.-F, and Franco Pastrone. Mechanics of Microstructured Solids: Cellular Materials, Fibre Reinforced Solids and Soft Tissues. Berlin: Springer, 2009. Print.
Gebeck, Thomas R. An Analysis of Changes in Growing Subjects Resulting from Non-Extraction Treatment of Class Ii Malocclusion: A Comparison of Standard and Pre-Adjusted Edgewise Appliances. N.p., 1996. Print.
Grainger, R M. Orthodontic Treatment Priority Index. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1967. Print.
Kiekens, Rosemie. Facial Aesthetics in Adolescents. S.l: s.n., 2008. Print.
Kiekens, Rosemie. Facial Aesthetics in Adolescents. S.l: s.n., 2008. Print.
Kim, Pius J.-Y. Quantitative Assessment of Class Ii Malocclusion in Mixed Dentition. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. Print.
Lattes, Raffaele, and Arthur P. Stout. Tumors of the Soft Tissues. Washington, D.C: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology under the auspices of Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology, Inc, 1982. Print.
Mac, Namara J. A, and Carroll-Ann Trotman. Orthodontic Treatment. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Human Growth and Development, 1996. Print.
Mamou, Jonathan, and Michael L. Oelze. Quantitative Ultrasound in Soft Tissues. N.p., 2013. Print.
McLatchie, Greg R, and C M. E. Lennox. The Soft Tissues: Trauma and Sports Injuries. Oxford: Boston, 1993. Print.
McNamara, James A, and Carrol-Ann Trotman. Orthodontic Treatment: Management of Unfavorable Sequelae. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 1996. Print.
Naini, Farhad B. Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Print.
Papadopoulos, Moschos A. Non-compliance Distalization: A Monograph on the Clinical Management and Effectiveness of a Jig Assembly in Class Ii Malocclusion Orthodontic Treatment. Thessaloniki, Greece: Phototypotiki Publications, 2005. Print.
Papadopoulos, Moschos A. Orthodontic Treatment of the Class Ii Noncompliant Patient: Current Principles and Techniques. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2006. Print.
Papadopoulos, Moschos A. Orthodontic Treatment of the Class Ii Noncompliant Patient: Current Principles and Techniques. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2006. Print.
Popovich, F, and G W. Thompson. Orthodontic Treatment. Toronto: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 1975. Print.
Proffitt, William J. Effectiveness of Mixed Dentition Treatment of Class Ii Malocclusion. St. Louis, Mo. N.p., n.d. Print.
Silver, Frederick H. Biological Materials: Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Modeling of Soft Tissues. New York: New York University Press, 1987. Print.
Smith, Craig D. Herbst Versus Headgear for Class Ii Correction: A Cephalometric Comparison of Mandibular Growth and Positional Changes During Class Ii Division 1 Treatment. N.p., 1995. Print.
Soh, Jen. Malocclusion, Facial Profile and Dental Aesthetics in Asian Adults. S.l: s.n., 2006. Print.
Subtelny, J D. Early Orthodontic Treatment. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co, 2000. Print.
Subtelny, J D. Early Orthodontic Treatment. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co, 2000. Print.
Thiruvenkatachari, Badri, and Kevin O'Brien. Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Twin Block and Dynamax Appliances for the Treatment of Class Ii Division 1 Maloclussion Patients: a Randomised Controlled Trial. Manchester: University of Manchester, 2009. Print.
Trotman, Carroll-Ann, and James A. McNamara. Orthodontic Treatment: Outcome and Effectiveness. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 1995. Print.
Webster, Thomas J. Nanotechnology for the Regeneration of Hard and Soft Tissues. Singapore: World Scientific, 2007. Print.
Weston, Windsor J, and D G. Palmer. Soft Tissues of the Extremities: A Radiologic Study of Rheumatic Disease. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1978. Print.
Wiebrecht, Albert T. Crozat Appliances in the Complete Treatment of a Class Ii Malocclusion: A Working Manual. Milwaukee?: Wiebrecht-Crozat Institute, 1971. Print.
