Chapter Five
The Snow line which is situated in the disc next to the star like Sun called Hydrae tells astronomies and people on the formation of comets and planets, the origin of the solar system and the factors which determined the composition of comets and planets (Mackey, 2013).
Question Sixteen
Chapter 6
Question six
Plate tectonic refers to the sideways movement of big portions of the earth’s crustal plates propelled by convectional currents when heat energy is transferred from the core to the crust, spreading the seafloor along the middle of oceanic ridges. The hot magma cools and forms a new lithosphere on divergent plate ridges. The main geographical features formed by plate tectonics include mountain ranges, series of volcanoes and earthquakes.
Question nine
People detect and examine seismic waves formed by powerful earth tremors and other actions on the Earth. Besides, scientific structures of the interior of the Earth can be examined and modified through comparing their approximations of the intensity and speed of seismic waves to the real location and time of the waves which reach the surface of the Earth.
Chapter Seven
Question six
Both Earth and Mercury have nickel and iron cores bounded by rocky crust and mantles. However, the mantel of the Mercury is much thinner than that of the Earth.
Question sixteen
The greenhouse influence takes place when an atmosphere has gases which trap heat from itself and from sun. The heat energy kept in the atmosphere by the aforementioned gases makes the planet to heat up to temperatures which is above what the planet would face in absence of the aforementioned gases in its atmosphere. On Earth, the greenhouse takes place due to reduced concentration of water and carbon dioxide which store a part of the radiant energy which reaches the Earth’s surface from escaping, while the concentrated carbon dioxide atmosphere covering Venus attracts sufficient solar energy in order to keep extreme temperatures at the Earth’s surface.
Chapter 8
Question nine
LMH (Liquid Metallic Hydrogen) refers to a condition in which hydrogen becomes a better electrical conductor. Saturn and Jupiter have LMH (Liquid Metallic Hydrogen). The LMH is produced by high temperature and immense pressure of the cores.
Question Twenty One
Since there is no other planet with tilted rotation, the severe tilt of rotation axis of Uranus implies that the planet was not formed like that but it was hit by big objects resembling planet which knocked it on one side. Furthermore, the appearance of its major moons supports that shattering effects happened on moons.
Chapter Nine
Question thirteen
The tail of the gas points away from the Sun while that of the dust lounge between the Comet’s path and a line directly from the Sun.
Question twenty
The Kuiper belt refers to space region in the shape of bagel rooted on the ecliptic plane. It extends from approximately the Neptune’s orbit to distance of about 500 AU from the sun. it has ice bodies which condensed from the solar nebula long ago in the origin of the solar system.
References
Mackey, R. (2013, July 18). Snow in an infant solar system: A frosty landmark for planet and comet formation. Science Daily. Retrieved November 4, 2013, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2013/07/130718142726.htm.
