VIDEO SUMMARY 1-5
VIDEO 1
This presentation is all about gene expression in the plant especially in flowers. The main interest relates to the consequences of gene duplication on affected flowers. Gene duplication occurs in several different ways. During this occurrence of the duplication, there are some features that are related to the duplication. Some of the features are the gene loss (mutation), new function (New functionalization), and subfunctionalization. The project also talked about different part of flowers and what genes are responsible for such expression. The classes of genes that are listed are the A-class genes, B-class genes, C-class genes, D-class genes and E-class genes. Each of the classes has several expressions that make them unique. There is also frame shift aspect that in relationship to the gene consequences. There is also another aspect of gene tagged the functional divergence. For the functional divergence to be expressed, the genes need to be knocked down to determine their relation to the functionalization. AP1 and FUL gene perform some similar functions due to earlier genes. The main questions regarding all the observations are; how do you know the AP1 and FUL genes have different functions. This is taught to be due to subfunctionalization. Noted is the functional divergence features, is it due to changes in the deregulation? Those genes express different phases in developing flowers. Another aspect observed is the area of the promoters and coding sequence. When this promoter of AP1 is joined with the coding sequence of FUL, the resultant expression is the FUL gene.
VIDEO 2
The presentation is about the economic importance of certain crop species to the agriculture. Considering the changes to the environment, we can see that there is plant reduction affecting several of the plant species. The main questions to be asked now; are how we grow enough food to feed the world population. To answer this question, those changes noted to be affecting plant had to be described. This can be done via process such as the genome sequencing, genome information, and gene analysis. One crop species this project actually observes was that which was tagged the model organism. This was that which someone can harvest a lot of seeds within two months. During the analyses of the genomic aspect of some of the plants, two different transfuse factor was made. These transfuse factor was checked for their functional component and localization because some of such transfuse factors are not published. For instance the 14th transfuse factor was checked. It is also known that there is also global monitoring and screening of the transfuse factors. Another aspect in the experiment is that which entails that certain character must be screened for. However, such expression of such plant was not found to correlate. Family expression was also checked for in young flowers. It was detected that five of the noted genes were lost. The model organism expression was also checked and found to be reduced.
Multiple genes knocked out of maize to create another expression. Multiple gene typing and gene functionality greatly contribute to the plant evolution especially pant of what is found in maize. In summary, it was understood that certain transfuse factors are essential. Transfuse factors expression extend to other functions or part development in the plants.
VIDEO 3
Vervilov was noted to collect crops around the World and then grew them together. He started the concept of Domestication. The Crop Evolutionary history was described to have various factors such as the conscious selection, changes in flower over time, increase yield and different tolerant. Challenges facing crop being taken to other region such as environment were noted. Multiple species were explored to understand those factors. From all these understandings, different questions were being asked. Those questions resulted in creation of different projects that are in the lab to learn from. Some of the questions are the; How did the genome of rice adapt to the terrain environment. Studying how rice adapts to various environments. Their molecular basics of desirable traits and projects of this presentation is the project on African rice. There are other rice species. African rice domestic is about 3500 years ago in the Delta region of Nigeria. Domestication of African rice is on inland simply because of the salty water which affects the growth. Questions for the projects are; African rice is tolerant to what Asian rice is intolerant to such as drought. This study is to know why. The first study was done to estimate the potassium ratio and this was done when a lot of the plant were about to die (this is an opportunity to take more of the tissue to do the analysis). Genome sequencing was also done to identify why the salt toxicity affects the African and not the Asian rice. Other factors considered were the Maturity, Land type, and morphological diversification. Findings; A specific gene mutation found in African rice and not in Asian rice. Another factor noted was Parallelism (noted to be common). A gene mutation found to be responsible for an expression doesn’t have to be completely absent to be non-functional. That is the case of what is found in Asian rice (present but non-functional). In some situation, it is absent. This parallelism exists between the rice species.
VIDEO 4
This is about biogenomics. The biogenomics helps to teach about the genealogical history of major group such as the angiosperms and gymnosperms. There are different genes underlying the structure development. There might be a need to sample a tree for medicine or chemical need. The phylogenetic tree will be looked into. You sample the major group before any substantial deduction can be gotten from such. You are getting a representation of biodiversity. The whole idea is to do a simultaneous analysis. To make the tree a form of representation for the plan gene. Genetic data showing a phylogenetic pipeline.
Two genes involve in asymmetric embryo. Approach is to look into the morphology in terms of medicine. To find those that have medicinal benefits and those that has no medical use. That can be generated by looking into the phylogenomic tree. Bioassay is done for hundreds of plants to deduce the required information. How that was done is by using some plant family such as that of potatoes or tomatoes. Another method used is to look for gene that led to the expression. There are different forms of genome duplication in the flowering plant. Genomic sequence is another area that can help in making any form of development needed. Taking sequence of one gene into another gene to create a form of gene expression is another area important in the biogenomics. Horizontal gene transfer is usually done in the laboratory but also happens in the nature through bacteria. There are examples of such transfer where gene move get into a place and thus proliferate.
VIDEO 5
The presentation talked about the important aspect of biodiversity in agriculture. Evolution of different plants. Growing climate changes and increasing world population places a growing stress and demands on the plants. Domestic species is difficult a little bit to define. They are species that humans care about their production because of their production which is mainly for human needs. They are plants that their evolution starts with humans. This is because humans change their ecology very long time ago (12000 years ago) when human took those plants and started planting them for various purposes. Regarding the origin of this species is still mystery because most country or region usually claims to be the place of origin for most domestic species. What was done is going country by country to learn more about those species. Data was collected and then analyzed to get millions of varieties. The geographic distinction shows how it affects the genome hence create the genomic distinction noticed in relationship to the regions observed. Other aspect of the research is detecting the gene responsible for different aspect of the plant structure such as the genes responsible for the sugar (fructose) in the cells. Hence such metabolism is affected one there is a form of mutation with that type of gene or if such gene is being knocked out during expression. Color is another aspect. It was mapped out to detect the gene that is actually responsible for some of the difference within the fruit of Africa and that of Asia. The detection helped to researchers to understand that those genes have a strong effect if there is a problem with such.
