According to William J, both Saints and Rough necks exhibit deviant actions. The study was done in high school where it was established that, from a sample of students who showed instances of delinquency, eight of them were of the Saint category. On the other hand, the roughnecks that were from backgrounds that were believed to be of a low class basis represented the majority number. However, William noted the following deviant acts between the two groups; the saints took way property that belonged to their friends. In this case, their action was devoid the knowledge of the owners.
In this instance, they still acted against societal expectations of people respecting what does not belong to them. In this case, they were also subject to deviant acts such as thefts irrespective of the fact that, they were from well to do families. Such students were directed by their strong desires to have to themselves everything. To them, nothing was supposed to be owned by anyone. Everything was entitled to them. On similar scales, Roughnecks engaged in criminal instances that were along the realms of theft. At most instances, the group of boys identified as Roughnecks, take part in events that took the shape of theft. It is also true to come to the appreciation that, their actions were as a result of lack. About this, they were from a background that could have significantly contributed to their horrifying situations.
Both saints and Rough necks engage in Drug addiction. In such a case, their actions are appreciated by the reality that, youths have an attitude of trying on new things out. Engaging in such deviant acts gives them a sense of identity and value. A minor from a rich family that is of the saint type will engage in deviant practices of abusing drugs just to show off that he or she can do so. On the other hand, the course of life of Roughnecks may force them start abusing drugs. Due to the factor that roughnecks are form a low social status, it is likely that, they do not have enough money that can adequately support all their needs. Some engage in drug selling instances in order to obtain revenue.
Both saints and roughnecks can engage in rare instances. In both the two cases, the boys can be driven by their strong desires to have their feelings appreciated and actualized. According to William J, it matters not the background of the youth; internal desires are indirectly proportional to one’s social orientation. In both cases of rough and saints, they all engaged in activities that involved cheating. They could all cheat in exam and engage in deals that can significantly be illustrated as unfair.
In as far as the sanctions to saints and roughnecks is concerned, the society has set aside rules and codes of conduct that outline expectations that are under their limits. In instances of rape, for example, laws have been set aside adequately to deal out with the issue out with the issue. In essence, the society has an umbrella that has the relevant preconditions that dictate the position held by the minors who engage in such illicit acts. Upon proof that one is guilty of such an offense, criminal charges of rape or the felony at hand are adduced, and the after effects of the conviction applied. On the other hand, the community treats the issue by excommunicating Individual members who end up displaying unscrupulous acts that are beyond the description of truancy. The law enforcement program is facilitated by the police. Excommunication and expulsions are some of the actions that the school takes in quest of abetting the situation
However, it should be noted that, the society treats the saints and roughnecks in different ways due to the following justifications; Society keeps in mind that, the two grounds are as a result of different basis. The reasons that can make a rough neck sneak into the school staffroom and steal money cannot be the same reasons that may direct a saint to the same action. In this appreciation, the society respects the fact that, circumstances are equally significant in determining the plausibility and the guilty minds of people. At the same time, society views both classes of deviance in different angles. The grounds that facilitate the truancy are also diverse. It would be detrimental for the society to dispute this instance. In essence, society exercises equity in all that it engages in. Society looks at the mind, not the act. In conjunction with the mind, society regards the connection between the act and prevailing circumstances that are not manifested in both cases but either of the cases.
According to Randy Hudson, Organizational frameworks that underlie sexual harassment at work include the following; work environments have a bureaucratic system which gives managers an upper hand in work environments. Some male managers use the opportunity in coming up with policies that will not be easy to be achieved and reached by their workers. As a result, their workers will at most times, find themselves on the wrong. As a result of this, the managers may demand money from their female workers or any other bribe. At such instances, the demanded monetary bribes may be overwhelming. The only option that is at the discretion of the worker on the occasioned wrong is to give in for sex that is outside their will. It should be established that, this is among the most common ways of sexual harassment. On the other hand, unique forms of sexual harassment involve occasions when an employee is threatened for being retrenched in the event they fail to give in to sex.
Social factors that culminate to both forms of sexual harassment include corruption and poverty. With reference to the envisioned loss of income, some employees accept to engage in illicit behaviors that involve sex so that they do not end up losing their jobs. The mere thought of the problems that follow the loss of the vocation places employees, especially the female, is on a disadvantaged zone. On the other side of the same coin, some employers demand payments as appreciations for the employment given to employees. The process becomes convoluted when it comes to women. In the long run, sexual abuse manifests itself.
Labeff states that, techniques of neutralization are acts that are used to make corrections to an illegitimate action once committed. The process involves the incorporation of aspects that bar students from ever committing the deviant thing again. Students who have committed deviant acts can be made declare and openly acknowledge that they are wrong. Upon the application of this technique, it is obvious that, consciousness will be instilled in the students mind. The probability of ever repeating the same act such as cheating in an examination will be a gone case. On the same circumstance, another technique of neutralization that applies in this instance is that of setting down law as that regulate the behavior of students who engage in the deviant activities. The human conscience is always afraid of instances that he or she been warned against. The mention of sanctions on the same effect acts as a preventive measure for the case at hand. Rules instill vigilance; both the Rough necks and the saints will finally avoid situations that subject them to committing crimes and other forms of truancy.
Michael Bernard has strong justifications when it comes to the white collar crimes. According to his literary works, white collar crimes are crimes that do not involve violence. Most people believe that the white collar crimes are normally associated with the rich. In the understanding of people under these deliberations, white collar crimes are crimes of the mind. They include money laundering, corruption and cheating. They are often committed alongside the existence of a framework of bureaucrats who endeavor to facilitate their selfish desires. White collar crimes facilitate the definition of crimes because, in such instances, the idea behind who is a criminal is extrapolated beyond the mere understanding of the blue collar crimes.
Corrupt people are examples of white collar criminals. In as far as their definition is concerned; their activities are not physically oriented but major on selfishness and graft. Techniques of neutralization can find their scope when it comes to corruption. Institution of rules and laws that prohibit corrupt acts can significantly lead to a reduction in the rate of entrenchment by the crime.
References
Chabliss, W. (2009). The Saints and The Roughnecks. In L. Mcylntyre, Practical Skeptic: Readings in Sociology (pp. 23-34). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Hudson , R. (2010). Power, Status and Abuse At Work. In L. Mclntyre, Practical Skeptic: Readings in Sociology (pp. 45-47). Chicago: MC-Graw-Hill Companies.
Labeff, E. (2009). Situational Ethics and College Student Cheating. In L. Mclnltyre, Practical Skeptic: Readings in Sociology (pp. 10-13). New York: MC-Graw-Hill Companies.
Michael, B. (2009). Denying the Guilty Mind. In L. Mclnltyre, Practical Skeptic: Readings in Sociology (pp. 31-34). New York: MC-Graw-Hill Companies.
