Styes are small collections of pus (abscess) in the eyelid caused by staphylococcus bacteria (Bessette & O'Connor, 2015). The lumps formed are painful and reddish in color (Bessette & O'Connor, 2015). Most of them develop on the inside of the eyes. External styes turn yellow and release pus in most cases and are more painful compared to the internal ones (Bessette & O'Connor, 2015). The symptoms of this condition include; a red lump on the eyelid similar to a pimple, pain on the eyelid, swellings on the eyelid and tears on the eye. The risk factors for this condition include; using expired cosmetics, going to bed with makeup, and failure to disinfect lenses before using them (Bessette & O'Connor, 2015). The diagnosis is usually a bit technical because one will only be able to know the severity if the condition if chills and fevers are present. External styes are tender compared to the internal ones (Bessette & O'Connor, 2015). The differential diagnosis involves checking against acute conjunctivitis, chalazion and emergency care of corneal abrasion (Bessette & O'Connor, 2015). The treatment options include warm compressing the affected region to ease the symptoms (Khairallah & Kahloun, 2014). External eyelashes can be drained by the removal of eyelashes near the infected area. Ibuprofen or acetimophen may be used to ease the pain (Khairallah & Kahloun, 2014). An umbilical cord granuloma refers to a small red mass of scar tissue that is formed in the belly of an infant after the umbilical cord falls off its area of attachment (Minkes & Kim, 2015). Although the exact causes of the condition have not been established yet, it is believed that the infection may be due to the infection of the affected umbilical cord area or the umbilical cord delaying to fall off (Minkes & Kim, 2015). The symptoms of this condition include; the baby having red or pink stalks of tissue on their belly button areas which do not hurt (Minkes & Kim, 2015). Incidences of bleeding and oozing may be observed (Minkes & Kim, 2015). The incidences to this condition are most common in black infants, those with low birth weight, infants with Down’s syndrome and those with trisomy 13 and18 (Minkes & Kim, 2015). The diagnosis will involve performing examinations on umbilical and blood cultures in addition to blood gas analyses and electrolyte (Minkes & Kim, 2015). The treatment regime is by the usage of silver nitrate which serves multiple purposes of acting like antiseptic, astringent and causatic agent (Minkes & Kim, 2015). Alternatively, the granuloma can be tied at the base using a surgical thread. Parents are advised to change their baby’s diaper frequently which is beneficial in preventing the area from getting moist most of the time and maintain the diaper below the belly button (Minkes & Kim, 2015).
References
Bessette, M. J., & O'Connor, R. E. (2015). Hordeolum and Stye in Emergency Medicine Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Consultations, Surgical Care. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798940-treatment
Khairallah, M., & Kahloun, R. (2014). Infections of the Eyelids. In Ocular Infections (pp. 51-61). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Minkes, R. K., & Kim, E. S. (2015). Disorders of the Umbilicus: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/935618-overview
