Discussion of risks factors of Cardiovascular Diseases
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There are multiple factors that act as additives to the risks of heart disease which can be divided into two categories, modifiable and non-modifiable risks factors. Modifiable factors can be controlled and managed such as high blood pressure and diabetes. While non-modifiable risks are age, ethnic background and family history (Grundy et al., 1999).
High blood pressure or hypertension is recognized as a major risk to CVDs. Diabetes of both types enhances CVDs threat. Diabetes with hypertension doubles the risks of CVD. Ethnic background plays a perilous role in the prediction of CVD. People from African Caribbean background and South Asians are prone to high blood pressure while family history of CVD also increases the chance of developing heart problems. These risks are indicators of CVD that can be controlled by managing these problems and changing lifestyles (Mediterranean, 1998, Grundy et al., 1999).
Primary prevention educational plan for Diabetes Patient as a risk factor for CVD
Primary prevention for risk management of CVDs has shown a potential in risk reduction of CVD. The risk status of a prone individual shows a high discrepancy, so it needs a proper risk factor screening and assessment that involves apt interventions (Grundy et al., 1999). Various studies have proved that through lowering the blood glucose the incidence of CVD can be reduced in type 1 and 2 Diabetes (Mediterranean, 1998). According to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for primary prevention of CVD in diabetic patients, risk factor assessment should be started at the age of 20. These assessments and guidelines should describe the levels and implication of diabetes as a risk factor for CVD by the primary care provider. For Diabetes management purpose appropriate hypoglycemic therapy should be initiated to keep the near-normal fasting plasma glucose (110 mg/dL) and HbA1c (7%). The client should be encouraged to increase physical activity and change diet patterns and lifestyle. Second-step therapy of primary prevention includes oral hypoglycemic drug agents such as metformin, or sulfonylureas with additional doses of acarbose and thiazolidinediones. Third-step therapy involves insulin management. It is also necessary to frequently analyze the other risk factors such as Blood pressure, lipid and cholesterol levels (Pearson et al., 2002).
References
Grundy, S. M., Pasternak, R., Greenland, P., Smith, S., & Fuster, V. (1999). Assessment of
cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: a statement for
healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College
of Cardiology. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 34(4), 1348-1359.
Mediterranean, E. (1998). Cardiovascular diseases prevention and control.
Pearson, T. A., Blair, S. N., Daniels, S. R., Eckel, R. H., Fair, J. M., Fortmann, S. P., & Hong,
Y. (2002). AHA guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke:
2002 update consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients
without coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Circulation, 106(3), 388-391.
