UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gay is man who is aesthetically, romantically and sexually attracted to other men, and who earns emotional and sexual partnership with other man. Earlier the word gay used to mean homosexual men and homosexual women, as well as the entire LGBT community. Strengthening the visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and transsexual people, lost the sense of this wide use of the word, so that today it means only gay men.
Gay population through history
The oldest source that testifies to the gay couple is Khnumhotepa and Niankhkhnuma tomb, which was built during the Fifth dynasty (2498-2345 BC) Old Kingdom necropolis in the Sahara.
In Athens there was an altar dedicated to the god Anteros, the protector of homosexual love. In the history there are known many gay couples, such as Solon and Pisistratus, Parmenides and Zeno, Socrates, Alcibiades, Alexander the Great and Hephaestion, Alexander the Great and Bogoas. Until the introduction of Christianity, ancient Rome has also a positive attitude towards gays. Many emperors had love affairs with other men, most notably the love between Emperor Hadrian and Antinoe, the young Greek, by whose tragic death of Emperor Hadrian city names on it, founded the town in his honor, a statue raised by all Empire and, as peak, God declared him, raised his temple and organized the celebration.
During the medieval attitude toward gays has changed. On the Carolingian Renaissance created complex gay literature, in Byzantium existed gay community-and homosexuality was generally legal in Europe. As historian John Boswell (John Boswell) argues, this is changing between the 1250th and 1300th, with the introduction of even the death penalty for gay men.
Change again brings the Renaissance, where the renewed cult of male nudes and nurture homoeroticism. Although homosexuality in this period is not legalized, social attitudes toward gays is liberal. The creation of bourgeois and capitalist civil society leads to a strengthening of conservative views on sex, sexuality and family. In the 19th century, with positivism, homosexuality exceeds the area of the church and the categories of sin in the field of psychiatry and interest category of disease. As Foucault argues, this change homosexuality ceased to be a "sin, in that anyone can fall," but becomes a feature of "special kind" of people. This gives rise to the pioneering work aimed at the decriminalization and social acceptance of gays.
In the course of Nazism in Germany, homosexuals were persecuted and sent to concentration camps, the pink triangle marked. With the end of World War II homosexual movement in Europe and then in America begins to strengthen. In the Netherlands in 1946 COC organized one of the first and is now the oldest existing gay organizations. Similar organizations are established in Denmark, the U.S., the UK, and elsewhere. The event, which is often used as a landmark in the history of the Stonewall gay revolution, played in 1969th in New York. It was the first major battle of LGBT persons to the police. After that, the U.S. and many European countries organized numerous gay organizations that form what exists as the gay movement. During the 1970s, the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders. Sometime later does the World Health Organization, which starts treated as a variant of sexual orientation, in addition to heterosexuality and bisexuality.
The greatest social and legal changes occur at the end of the 1980s and 1990s. Denmark is the first country in the world that allows registered partnership of same-sex couples. Her example is followed by other countries in Europe and worldwide. The first country to legalize same-sex marriage was Netherlands which in 2001st leveled homosexual rights and heterosexual couples. Other countries in Europe during the 2000s began to legalize same-sex marriage and legalizing adoptions by gay and lesbian couples.
GAY CIVIL RIGHTS IN AMERICA
The legal status of LGBT people in the United States, as well as society's attitude towards them is different from state to state. Although same-sex relationships legal at the federal level, the level of legal protection and guarantee of rights and freedoms is not the same in all countries; example, more than 30 state constitutions prohibit same-sex marriage, and ten state recognizes them.
Throughout the history of LGBT people had to hide their sexual orientation and / or gender identity until the twentieth century, for fear of legal persecution and social contempt. Because of this concealment, which was created in English the phrase "in the closet" (in the closet), Contemporary Studies LGBT History not have sufficient resources. The fact is especially true for lesbianism, which was not studied until the mid-twentieth century. The situation of marginalization has led to the creation of sub-culture in which gay people to live more freely and express their preferences; This becomes obvious from the beginning of the twentieth century. As is the case in many other countries, the definition homosexuality developed from sin, through crime and disease to natural facts. Because states have different laws, discrimination based on sexual orientation has been very uneven. The first country to eliminate anti-gay law was Illinois (1962). In some other countries, homosexuality could be punished to the 2003rd year.
Adoption of the law was significantly delayed in cultural development. Equating LGBT people from other members of the society was part a consequence of the liberalization of sexuality in relation to cultural tradition, during the twentieth century was undermined by favoring the concept of individual freedom. The emancipation of LGBT people in the United States began during the Second World War. Some of the significant milestones were: Sexual Begavior study in the Human Male (in 1948. - Sexual behavior of men) by Alfred Kinsey, the establishment of the organization the Mattachine Society (1950) and the Daughters of Bilitis (1955), the civil rights movement (1955-1968) some of whose promoters were later LGBT activists, Stonewallska Revolution (1969), the creation of organizations such as the Gay Liberation Front (1969), the removal of homosexuality from the list of disorders by the American Psychiatric Association (1973), reorganization of the gay movement during the AIDS crisis (1981), the involvement of other minorities in the gay movement, such as transgender people (in the 1990s) and gay marriage (XXI century).
Homosexuality was illegal in all U.S. states to in 1962 when Illinois became the first state to abolish the anti-gay law. During the 1960s began to change attitudes towards sexual relationships, marriage, sexual orientation and the role of women. The changed social climate leads to gradual elimination of anti-gay laws in many states during the 1970s. At the federal level to abolish all anti-gay laws by the Supreme Court in the case of Lawrence Texas 2003rd year.
At the federal level there is no recognition of same-sex marriage or other same-sex unions. Also, there is no prohibition. The year 1996. passed a federal law called the abbreviated Defense of Marriage Act (Marriage Protection Act), which the federal government defines marriage as a relationship exclusively between one man and one woman, and that gives the first states to not recognize same-sex marriages, even if they are assembled into other states of the U.S..
Events in Hawaii did not have the effect of the introduction of same-sex marriage, but are encouraged to government in 1996. year a law on the protection of marriage, which prohibits the federal government to recognize same-sex marriages and allows national governments to decide for themselves whether to recognize same-sex marriages. Therefore, the rights and obligations guaranteed by the marriage at the federal level do not apply to same-sex unions. Several countries have followed the example of Congress and adopted similar laws that prevent marriage or relationship similar to marriage between persons of the same sex. In the case in 1999 in Baker vs Vermont, Vermont Supreme Court has ruled that the state must offer legal benefits and obligations guaranteed by civil marriage to same-sex couples and the state legislature must pass a law on civil unions. A similar decision was 2004th taken by the Supreme Court in the case of Massachusetts in Goodridge. Department of Public Health, but the court ruled that all civil marriages must be transformed into a civil union or to offer civil marriage to same-sex couples. Since 2004. in Massachusetts, there are same-sex marriages. A similar decision was taken by the court in Iowa, ruling that limiting marriage only to couples of different sexes indiscriminately. In Iowa same-sex marriages are available from 24 April 2009th.
Colorado (2009), Maine (2004), Connecticut (2005), California (1999), Hawaii (1997), Wisconsin (2009), Nevada (2009), New Jersey (2007), Washington (2007), New Hampshire ( 2008), Oregon (2008), Maryland (2008), and the District of Columbia (2002) recognized civil union or partnership or homey as an option for same-sex couples instead of marriage.
However, during the election 2004th year, fourteen states have adopted constitutional amendments banning recognition same-sex marriages or other forms of community. Voters and voters in Mississippi have brought such amendment with the most votes against same-sex 'level of 86%. Recent public opinion polls show that the nation is divided into almost equal thirds: one supports same-sex marriage, other third support civil unions and third of nation opposes any communities.
LGBT human rights is the term LGBT movement and the LGBT community often appointed body of law that is recognized equal status of LGBT people in society.
In the struggle for equal rights for the LGBT movement acts as a minority group, from the use and common name of “sexual minorities” and refers to human rights, as a group of basic rights that every person has an inalienable.
Legal provisions concerning same-sex relationships governing their legal status and attitude towards gays and lesbians, as well as other institutions that helps the individuals in the same-sex oriented relationships.
CONCLUSION
The only solution is that we all act like we are a big community. When people keep their lives and were liberal in comparison to other people's views and wishes, would be a less pressure on the public. The world is in too many wars with diseases that we, the people, be in war with our neighbors because of their orientation.
As explained above, it is all derived from the social impact of the society. It is society that has to be wondering why worry about whether someone will enjoy with the woman or with the man, a person of the same or opposite sex. Many people think that if a gay society would be licensed and defended by the law; following would be the legalization of pedophilia or incest. This brings us to a question: is it possible that we, as a society, are so susceptible to that we cannot distinguish between good and evil? Is it possible to think that something as horrible as pedophilia ever be normalized or permitted, no matter how strong liberal society we have?
The only solution is to get people to commit to better things and delete the sentencing expression, for us it does not lead anywhere. People who love people of the same sex will continue to love people of the same sex, nothing will change, because they do not choose. Will only lead to more wars, and many will not have to fight against real opponents.
REFERENCES
A Third of Americans Back Same-Sex Marriage | Angus Reid Public Opinion. (n.d.). Angus Reid Public Opinion | What the world is thinking. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/35691/a_third_of_americans_back_same_sex_marriage1/
GOLDBERG, C. (n.d.). HAWAII JUDGE ENDS GAY-MARRIAGE BAN - New York Times. The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/04/us/hawaii-judge-ends-gay-marriage-ban.html
LGBT Rights | American Civil Liberties Union. (n.d.). American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights
U.S. public opinion polls on same-sex marriage. (n.d.). All about religious tolerance: the ReligiousTolerance.org web site. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_marp.htm
century, t. e. (n.d.). Gay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay
the. (n.d.). USATODAY.com - Amendment banning gay marriage passes. USA TODAY: Latest World and US News - USATODAY.com. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/vote2004/2004-11-02-ms-intiative-gay-marriage_x.htm
