Establishment
Abstract
According to some scholars, globalization started with the discoveries in 15th century. It caused the creation of the first charter companies, exchange in the world scale, and the first international agreements. Globalization in the present stage of development becomes an object of special, maybe, even the greatest attention. It is due to the fact that globalization is primarily the actual development of the civilization in the late 20th and early 21st century that is the creation of a unified and coherent system in the fields of economy, politics, culture, and mass communications.
Key words: globalization
Globalization is a complex of different processes in all spheres of life: economic, political, social, and cultural. Some says that globalization is a positive change in the international environment. However, it has a controversial character.
Globalization is a process of integration of humanity into the world’s system and the term used to describe today’s world (Osterhammel & Petersson, 2005, 2). It occurs simultaneously in many sectors of society. This is the process of increasing the impact of different factors of international importance to social reality throughout the world.
On the one hand, globalization creates opportunities for development of new technologies, which nowadays have the same power as natural resources have. It has a beneficial influence on the development of the economy and reproduction of the goods. Globalization creates new jobs. It provides information and intercultural relations, enriching people. Globalization provides free movement of goods, people resources, capital and ideas. It creates cooperation between peoples and countries.
However, there are also negative points of view. Globalization recreates the imperialism, which is an affront to humanity and a threat to its existence. It absolutizes economic and political power of the new global monopoly corporations that come out from under the control of State of Nations. Globalization leads to the pollution of the natural environment as a result of the growth of anthropogenic pressure. For example, some disasters may cause irreversible changes in the world. It increases the difference between countries of low and high level of income. It carries the threats and challenges to the state institutional structures by raising the risk of global terrorism, nuclear war, religious fundamentalism, destruction of the natural environment, epidemiological diseases. Because of the interdependence of national economies on the global level, economic crises, as the collapse of a bank in Thailand, may have regional or global causes, as it was in South-East Asia, where the financial crisis began. Globalization reduces the ability of governments to maneuver. As for example, it happened in Ukraine, when the question of its national identity arose and led to the crisis in the region (Ski, 2005, 229). In such a way, globalization has resulted in greater heterogeneity.
The benefits of globalization are spread irregularly. The leading countries in the world’s economy, political, social and cultural life take the major values, while developing countries usually loses in some fields.
References
Osterhammel, J., & Petersson, N. (2005). Globalization: A short history. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Ski, T. (2005). Eastern Europe and the challenges of globalization. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy.
