Constructivism
The term constructivism refers to an architectural and artistic philosophy believed to have been originated in Russia in the tear 1919. It was started as a movement by Kazimir Malevich as a rejection of the inefficiencies of autonomous art. As a philosophy, it favored the idea of art as a social tool. The rise of constructivism greatly influenced dance, film, music, fashion, design, theatre, graphic, architecture and industrial design.
Some of the major contributions of this ideology include the street designs for the Bolshevik government revolution at Vitebsk; public festivals and OBMOKhU exhibitions, just to mention but a few. Later, after the Russian government imposing stringent regulations banning capitalism, constructivism was extensively used in adverts. For instance, the poet-artists Rodchenko andVladimir Mayakovsky who named themselves advertising constructors designed eye-catching colorings in Moscow to promote products like beer, pacifiers and cooking oil. This really revolutionized art on the grounds that they produced extremely appealing images. Since then, constructivism has greatly impacted on artists. Some of the memorable constructivist images include the following:
This is an artistic and a social movement which was founded in 1909 by a renowned Italian artist called Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Just the way its name suggests, this movement was futuristic. In other words, it put a lot of emphasis on the glorification of themes linked to the contemporary concepts of future. These include youth violence, technology, computer, car, city life, airplane amongst others. Despite being fully an Italian ideology, futurism had a lot of parallel branches in other places like Britain, Russia and the United States of America (USA).
However, unlike other movements, it was involved in all forms of art including sculpture; textile; fashion; music; architecture; painting; gastronomy, literature, interior, graphic and industrial designs. Most of the futuristic artists particularly Antonio Sant'Elia, in their designs, embraced modernity. This made their work be so eye catching and appealing to all the people regardless of their geographical location.
Some of the notable futuristic designs are:
Suprematism refers to an art movement founded by Kazimir Malevich in 1915. Just like Constructivism, it was also based on Russian ideology of the supremacy of feeling over visual depiction. This means that it emphasized the sense of feeling rather than that of seeing. Therefore, throughout its use, these designers concentrated on the basic geometric forms such as lines, rectangles, squares and circles. However, the use of coloring was quite minimal, only if they had to be incorporated in those works.
Suprematism was greatly opposed to the ideas of other movements like constructivism and materialism. Malevich, its major proponent, is only remembered for being concerned about the utilitarian philosophy of using art to benefit the larger society. As a result of this, he became so accommodative and dynamic in the carrying out of the activities he was vested with.
It would be so revolutionary because it changed the position of art. Meaning, it would shit from a tool of serving the selfish demands of religion or state to being treated as a full entity autonomously operating without an unnecessary pressure from any external force. This, in the idea of Malevich, would make art not be materialistic, but utilitarian.
Since its inception, Suprematism has had great influences in the community. It has been adopted in nearly all disciplines. For instance, the most prominent influences it has brought in Mathematics include the 1913 invention of the set by Kruchenykh and the P. D. Ouspensky discovery of four dimensional objects.
