Paper I (s1)
Teo, P. (2000). Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two Australian Newspapers. London: Sage Publications. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 7-49.
RESEARCH TOPIC
Racism in the news: a Critical Discourse Analysis of news reporting in two Australian newspapers.
RESEARCH QUESTION(S)
- What is the probe for ideological construction of racism imbricated within the structure of newspaper reporting?
- Is there evidence of systematic ‘othering and stereotyping of ethnic community by the white majority?
METHODOLOGY
Data: News reports and articles, political interviews
- The newspaper headlines were used to express a high form of concise, crux the news and orient the reader to process the text.
- News reports provided information to the researchers in both the language and structure.
Framework: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) employed by Fowler et al in 1979. The framework has its roots in critical linguistics, a branch of discourse analysis going beyond its description to an explanation of how and why certain discourses are produced.
- Uses social theory in creating impact on news paper readers and social thinkers.
- Stresses on the word critical that signals the need for analysis in order to unpack the ideological underpinning of the framework.
- The critical approach to discourse analysis concentrates on the method of data collection like news reporting, political interviews, counseling and job interviews.
- The framework adopted a related stance in the treatment and analysis of racial prejudice in Holland where racism was found out to be a cognitive and social phenomenon with social function of protecting a certain group.
Analysis: two stages used in the analysis of the newspaper discourse; first stage involves sketching the broad characterization of the newspaper discourse focusing on particular discursive strategies. Second stage involves a micro and macro structural analysis of two texts selected for contradiction that surfaces evidence of a racist ideology manifest in an asymmetrical power discourse.
RESULTS/FINDINGS
- The cohesive patterns were evidence of racism in the news that reflected and reinforced the marginalization of Vietnamese migrants into Australia.
- Transitivity demonstrated t he comparative analysis of various groups revealed that most processes that involved material and verbal were attributed to drug-dealers. For example, there is only one verbal process attributed to law enforcers.
- Thematization: an analysis component belonging to the textual meta-function that looks at the organization of information within a clause. The component was used in the analysis of results to determine how relevant the acquired information from the newspaper headlines was in relation to its organization.
CONCLUSION
The probe for ideological construction of racism as imbricated within the structure of newspapers was discovered and a lot of racism in the news was found.
In absence of strict measures to be taken against newspaper authors, such incidences will never cease because of associated support from their nations. Australia supports racism that prevents migration of Vietnamese.
The analysis of newspaper reporting on the 5T will contribute to the field of CDA and stimulate further research on areas beyond newspapers.
DISCUSSION
The study demonstrates a clear contrasting representation of the 5T and the police through the analysis of transitivity, thematic and lexical cohesive patterns of 2 newspaper reports. The results from tests texts 1 and 2 presented an opposing construction of the relationship between police and 5T. Text 1 paints a picture of police as silent and absent and their words are insignificant in relation to 5T. Text 2 presents police as a formidable fighting force, expressing their dominance in a most concrete manner. The question as to why newspapers present news in such a different manner from the police reports shows the effect of discourse in the media.
CRITIQUE-POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COMMENTS
- A perfect way of carrying out a research
- The findings will be of significance to the society and media fraternity.
- No mention of the role of the state government in delivering news to the public.
- The data collection tools not sufficient enough because some of the results were not reliable.
Paper II (7.Full)
KhosraviNik, M. (2010). “The Presentation of Refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in British Newspapers, A Critical Discourse Analysis ”. Journal of Language and Politics. John Benjamins Publishing Company
RESEARCH TOPIC
The Presentation of Refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in British Newspapers,
A Critical Discourse Analysis
RESEARCH QUESTION
- What were the discursive strategies employed by various British newspapers between 1996- 2006 in ways of representing refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants?
METHODOLOGY
Data: Quantitative and qualitative down sampling technique for newspaper articles.
Discourse Historical Approach proposed the following analytical categories; referential strategies (naming), predicational strategies (attribution), argumentative strategies (topi), perspertivisation, mitigation and intensification strategy.
Framework: A Critical Disclosure Analysis (CDA) theoretical approach was used.
Key ideas:
- The theory defined discrimination and factors that contribute to discrimination that relates to the research.
- Newspapers were considered as racists and driven by the social, political, and economic ambitions.
- The framework works on 4 variables, prejudiced ideology, modes of encoding, discourse, and modes of interpretation.
- Mass communication acted as a link in assigning certain discourse as control over mass communication.
- The analytical framework shows the link between micro-level analytical category and macro structures.
Analysis: Data was taken in to five month-length periods to find the highest number of articles.
Analysis was represented with frequency graphs.
FINDINGS
Results grouped into different periods, events and different types of news papers investigated. The groupings used were tabloids vs. broadsheets or liberal vs. conservative.
CONCLUSION
The immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees are different types of people and are accounted separately. The general macro structure surrounding has identical evaluations. The British news discourses about RASIM presents a variety of differences among various newspapers investigated. The results accounted for linguistic and argumentative qualities of RASIM in different UK newspapers.
DISCUSSION
Some salient issues were found in ways the British represented the target group in the 10 years that shows a significant difference. An ideological viewpoints and types are discovered. All newspapers were found to contribute to construct refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in the same ways.
CRITIQUE-POSITVE OR NEGATVE COMMENTS
- The study answered the research question in an extremely perfect manner.
- The method of data collection and analysis was valid and reliable.
- RASIM was used to refer to all target groups in general but they possessed different characters introducing a state of confusion.
References
KhosraviNik, M. (2010). “The Presentation of Refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in
British Newspapers, A Critical Discourse Analysis ”. Journal of Language and Politics. John Benjamins Publishing Company
Teo, P. (2000). Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two
Australian Newspapers. London: Sage Publications. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 7-49.
