Introduction (can be more than one paragraph if you want, but the thesis should still come towards the end of the introduction)
Hook
Global warming has been affecting the lives of the people in all areas around the world regardless of the country’s geographical location. The effects of Global Warming are consequences of man’s activities and decisions that are governed by their personal interests and gains. Therefore, as the population in different areas continue to increase, the competition in obtaining life necessities also heightens, and the number and intensity of destructive activities of man continue to worsen the conditions of Global Warming.
Presentation of Issue (Background, Support, Counterarguments, etc.)
-Definition of Global Warming:
1. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Global Warming is defined as the occurrence in which the average temperature of the surface of the Earth increases due to the emissions coming from different human activities, and greenhouse gases from products known to have Chloro Fluoro Carbon or CFCs (Conway, 2008).
2. The United States of America’s Environmental Protection Agency, commonly known as US EPA, also defined the term as ‘the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth's surface,’ that happens due to the amount of green house gases that reaches the surface of the Earth. US EPA also mentioned that Global Warming is different from Climate Change because the changes in climatic conditions have resulted from Global Warming ("Basics | Climate Change | US EPA", 2010).
-Global Warming and Climate Change
1. Global Warming and Climate Change have been interchangeably used in the field of Science. To clarify, Global Warming and Climate Change are two different concepts, and in fact, Climate Change is a result of Global Warming. Because greenhouse gases (made up of the particles of Chloro Fluoro Carbon or CFCs) have causes the thinning of the Ozone Layer (or the surface of the Earth), then the rays of the sun can directly reach the Earth further causing higher temparatures. Therefore, because of man’s activities in which greenhouse gases accumulate, Global Warming occurs, bringing changes in climatic conditions.
-Counterarguments: People need to survive
1. People need to survive and so they do everything in order to obtain all the necessities needed for survival. Now, as we can see, the advancements in technology (including the production of products with chloro fluoro carbons) help people live an efficient life. Who would not love living an efficient life? Because of that, people do no longer think of what would be the macro effect and consequence of their actions, they only think of what will help them get through the day.
2. It will never be easy to tell people to stop using those products especially if these things are known to have help them have a more efficient and easier life. Almost everything comes in handy and instant now. All these are products of the advancements and in order to have all these, people would need to use harmful chemicals to fasten the production process.
3. Therefore, what would people consider? To have a longer Earth life or to get through the day? In a common sense, it does not matter what will happen in the future if the present would have to suffer. If the present generation could not get through the day, if they will die because of have a very limited amount of resources, then no one will be able to reproduce for the next generation. It does not make sense after all if the present would sacrifice for the benefit of the future generation.
Thesis (Including a Call to Action)
Global Warming occurs because of man’s actions and activities that are governed by their personal interests and personal gains. Now, Global Warming is sought to affect the lives of the people from all over the world regardless of their geographical locations.
Given that, to mitigate the effects of Global Warming (such as Climate Change), people must do something especially in lessening the use of products with Chloro Fluoro Carbon (or CFCs) which greatly contributes to the amount of greenhouse gases that are being trapped in the Earth’s ozone layer. Public Participation is considered important in solving or minimizing the possible devastations that could be brought by the worsening condition of Global Warming.
The Thinning of Ozone Layer is Continuously Occurring
Global Warming occurs when the rays of the sun can freely pass through and penetrate the surface of the Earth (the ozone and the other layers) because these traps have been thinning for the past decades. As the technology continuously advances, more products are being sold in the market that are proven to make life easier and more efficient. The problem here is the content of the products that were being used by the people—majority are found to have chloro fluoro carbon content which greatly contributes to the amount of greenhouse gases in the air.
Support (quote, paraphrase or visual aid from your research)
According to Fllint (2011) as written in his article, ‘Global Warming: The Hottest Debate of the Decade,’ the concept of global warming being caused by anthropogenic activity has been in present for more than a century (Fllint, 2011). Scientists support this theory with scientific data spanning more than 50 years. In Climate Science’s ‘The State of Climate Science: A Thorough Review of the Scientific Literature on Global Warming,’ Powell (2012) summaries that there has been no evidence presented in any forum that disputes the contribution of anthropogenic activities to the problem of global warming. Human activities that are primarily believed to contribute to global warming revolve around the burning of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation.
Concluding Sentence (Synthesizes the main ideas of the paragraph, and should be completely in your own words).
However, scientists also note that it is not possible to accurately measure the extent to which anthropogenic carbon dioxide has caused global warming. Therefore, controlling anthropogenic activities will reduce global warming, but to an unknown extent. The potential negative outcomes of the climate change could be connected with the death of many animal species, the issues with tsunami and tornados, the increase of the percent of droughts throughout the world (Maslin 2004).
Anthropogenic Activities are not the sole basis of the occurrence of Global Warming
While it may be true that human activities worsen the situation of the Earth through a more intense Global Warming, still, the control is not in the hands of the people. Global Warming has also been affectted by natural calamities and phenomenon that are completely inevitable.
Support (quote, paraphrase or visual aid from your research)
- Since the concept of global warming was coined, it has evolved from a minor environmental issue to the most debated environmental concern currently. In today’s society, it continues to influence policies and laws on the environment, energy generation, agricultural trends, and technological innovation among other sectors. Global warming is caused by increased solar radiation in the earth’s atmosphere, and this has been linked to both natural occurrences and human activity. Flint (2011), believes that controversies in global warming issues arise when facts and information about the matter are sourced from the media and not scientists who hold empirical evidence. The mixing of sources on the matter of global warming can be seen as the cause of the debate about its cause, effect, and control. It is important to note that there are disagreements even among scientists whether or not increased amounts of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide are to blame for the rise in global temperatures.
Rebuttal: This is where you provide a response to the counterargument that reiterates why you’re your reader should support your call to action. The rebuttal can be anywhere from one sentence to an entire paragraph.
Therefore, given that controlling anthropogenic activities will reduce global warming, but to an unknown extent, people should make extra effort until science discovers the best way to quantitatively measure the changes that might occur on the current intensity of Global Warming.
Support and in text citation that supports the rebuttal: place the parenthetical citation for support that you could use in this paragraph on the following lines:
Being unable to quantitatively measure the changes in Global Warming is not a scientific failure, rather an issue of multi perspectivism. Global warming takes a different form in the eyes of interest groups and politicians. This is evident in the documentary feature ‘An Inconvenient Truth’, produced by Al Gore. The documentary raised higher environmental concerns among the public than the scientific community had through published research on global warming issues. Such events have given politicians and interest groups a voice in the global warming debate.
It is evident that different parties hold differing positions on the issue of global warming. The motivation behind their interests in the matter ranges from political, economic and seemingly noble environmental concern. Political, social, economic and scientific communities are divided on the issue of global warming. While one side holds that global warming is a current issue that poses a significant threat, others hold that global warming is a naturally occurring event and that the earth's atmosphere has continuously been warming up for millennia (Michaels, 1998).
Concluding Sentence (Synthesizes the main ideas of the paragraph, and should be completely in your own words):
Since the people from different places around the world take different stances on Global Warming, no unified stand was made, as well as any unified solution to lessen the possible damages that Global Warming could bring if people will not start dealing with the problems right away. While it is true that anthropogenic activities are not the sole basis of Global Warming, still, people must study what should be done collectively to hinder the devastations that the world might encounter in the future.
Body Paragraph (supports your call to action)
The largest carbon emissions are known to be coming from First World Countries—their machineries and technological advantages are the source of all these emissions. However, it sounds unfair for the third world countries to suffer the same intensity of consequences, or even more harsh that the first worlds feel because of the vulnerability and unpreparedness of the developing countries.
Support (quote, paraphrase or visual aid from your research)
Support and in text citation: place the parenthetical citation for support that you could use in this paragraph on the following lines:
In general, according to Jadhav H. (Jadhav, 2009), the development of the corporations throughout the world has led to the violations of the ecological laws in some countries. For instance, the atmosphere is spoiled with carbon dioxide.
Flint (2011), believes that controversies in global warming issues arise when facts and information about the matter are sourced from the media and not scientists who hold empirical evidence. The mixing of sources on the matter of global warming can be seen as the cause of the debate about its cause, effect, and control. It is important to note that there are disagreements even among scientists whether or not increased amounts of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide are to blame for the rise in global temperatures.
Concluding Sentence (Synthesizes the main ideas of the paragraph, and should be completely in your own words):
Taking into account the capabilities of the United States to somehow mitigate the effects of Global Warming through the technologies they have, still, people in these western countries are suffering. Imagine how much more will the third world countries or the developing countries would be able to cope up with the changes in the temperature if the first world countries will continue contributing to the causes of Global Warming and Climate Change without even thinking of the consequences it will bring to the people in the third world.
Body Paragraph (introduces a counterargument)
With consequences such as drought, famine and species extinction, the threat global warming poses cannot be ignored. As seen at the present time, man is suffering from the consequences of his actions, now termed as the ‘direct effects of global warming to the population.’
Support (quote, paraphrase or visual aid from your research)
Support and in text citation that supports the counterargument: place the parenthetical citation for support that you could use in this paragraph on the following lines:
Since the concept of global warming was coined, it has evolved from a minor environmental issue to the most debated environmental concern currently. In today’s society, it continues to influence policies and laws on the environment, energy generation, agricultural trends, and technological innovation among other sectors. Global warming is caused by increased solar radiation in the earth’s atmosphere, and this has been linked to both natural occurrences and human activity.
Rebuttal: This is where you provide a response to the counterargument that reiterates why you’re your reader should support your call to action. The rebuttal can be anywhere from one sentence to an entire paragraph.
According to Goklany (2012), other factors like diseases and extreme weather events account for more deaths than global warming. In Figure 2, the estimates marked in brown show mortality caused by global warming compared to other factors (Goklany, 2012). The 2009 study on Global Health Risk by the World Health Organization estimates that global warming contributes less than 14.3% of the total number of deaths caused by hunger, extreme weather conditions and malaria (Goklany, 2012).
Concluding Sentence (Synthesizes the main ideas of the paragraph, and should be completely in
Thus, the possibilities of global warming being the critical health risk to mankind in future is minimal, despite contrary claims (Goklany, 2012)
Conclusion (can be more than one paragraph. Make sure that you don’t introduce any new information)
Summary of main points that moves from a narrower focus to a broader consideration of the issue:
Global warming has been affecting the lives of the people in all areas around the world regardless of the country’s geographical location. The effects of Global Warming are consequences of man’s activities and decisions that are governed by their personal interests and gains. Therefore, as the population in different areas continue to increase, the competition in obtaining life necessities also heightens, and the number and intensity of destructive activities of man continue to worsen the conditions of Global Warming.
Global Warming occurs because of man’s actions and activities that are governed by their personal interests and personal gains. Now, Global Warming is sought to affect the lives of the people from all over the world regardless of their geographical locations.
Given that, to mitigate the effects of Global Warming (such as Climate Change), people must do something especially in lessening the use of products with Chloro Fluoro Carbon (or CFCs) which greatly contributes to the amount of greenhouse gases that are being trapped in the Earth’s ozone layer. Public Participation is considered important in solving or minimizing the possible devastations that could be brought by the worsening condition of Global Warming.
Those advocating for mitigation of global warming believe that afforestation and a reduction in the use of fossil fuels is a guaranteed way of controlling global warming and its dire effects (Powell 2012). For such measures to be effective, there is a need for a global shift in policies regarding the environment. In retrospect, international organizations such as the United Nations have held a number of conventions on climate change that propose several multilateral agreements. These agreements serve to bind signatories to the various strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (Michaels, 1998). However, such strategies may not work especially with major pollution contributors such as the USA, China, India and Mexico refusing to be signatories to advocated policies. As the global warming debate continues, the public will most likely take sides with those who hold the most convincing evidence as it is believed that no empirical evidence exists.
