Ashford University
The theories of Jeremy Bentham and Sigmund Freud explained many societal phenomena. Every theory strongly applies on Skills and Techniques, Communication, Basic Problem-Solving, Ethnic Diversity, and Establishing and Using the Helping Relationship. The psychoanalytic theory is initially laid out by renowned philosopher Sigmund Freud in the nineteenth century. Freud advanced the recognition of childhood happenings that could possibly influence on the mental functioning of grownups. Psychoanalytic theoreticians do not trust in free will but trust that human conduct is deterministic. It proposes that human beings have both aggressive and sexual drives. The psychoanalytic theory provides a basis for therapeutic treatment of clients by bringing to consciousness repressed feelings and thoughts. As such, the theory is quite useful and remains relevant in the contemporary world especially in psychology. However, the theory is criticized for failing to consider culture and its impact on personality . Freud is largely influenced by social and cultural factors. His theory is based on observations of middle-class Viennese and contemporary ethnography and ancient mythology for comparative material . His European background also served to influence his thinking. The theory contributes to the profession by helping to use and understand human behavior. Bentham believed that to build a good society is to undertake on concepts of nature rather than from a mixture of religious superstitions and historical prejudices, to recognize the true motivation of forces of human conduct, pleasure, and pain. People from different backgrounds often interact in numerous places such as classrooms and work places, which may result into conflicts. In addition, it helps people understand their colleagues by helping them discover themselves. This is possible by bringing to consciousness repressed feelings and thoughts. “Influenced by the culture, gender, social status, and ethnicity, theories fulfill the genetic, social, and individual factors because it assesses its utility and validity, describes the origin, principles, and assess its validity and utility with regard to the particular personality theory, and create the total personality.”
The theories fulfill the genetic, social, and individual factors as it assess its utility and validity. The therapeutic treatment of the clients has its basic concepts of culture and cultural factors in diagnosis despite some criticisms on the failure to consider culture and its impact on personality. In this event, it follows specific reference concerning a reasonable assimilation of cultural issues in the therapeutic treatment. There is a complex process in collecting relevant information on symptoms, behaviors, emotional correlates, and neuro-biological substrates; it is needed to conduct history-taking and actual observation that aims to reach a comprehensive view of the patients’ background. By means of doing some backgrounds, an appropriate treatment is offered and the outcome in the clinical improvement is more efficient personal functioning and the quality of life of the patient is more comfortable and the family as well. The treatment is extremely individualized that search for something relevant to demonstrate how the factors of unconsciousness affect the behavior pattern, relationship, and mental health in general. The treatment traces the factors of unconsciousness to its origin, shows the evolution, and developed the course over the years. Subsequently, it helps the individuals to overcome the challenges in life thoroughly. The theory is functional and it has relevance in the modern era particularly in the field of psychology. The therapeutic techniques are the use of free association and transference. Free association, when patients in particular narrate their thoughts with no reservation to a psychoanalyst while transference, a process that patients displace their feelings from their childhood attachments. In the modern view, there are protective factors for the clinical matter, tools in the determination of the roles of the family and the community. The modernization of the treatment is actively incorporated with cultural elements in the conduct, structure, and expected result of the process. Sigmund Freud assessments has centered to some objectives to show the different aspects of personality, the relation to the treatment of patients calls to assessing every patient that concerns legal challenges made for validity tests. For example, the IQ tests, it has found there is a higher percentage of African – Americans who performed in the retarded range that required placement in the field of special education classes for retarded and legal challenges are made to the validity of the tests.
Additionally, it describes the origin, principles, and assessment of validity and utility with regard to the particular personality theory. Freud’s theory has contributed in psychology by assisting to understand human behavior; it is an interaction between the individual and the environment. The concept is that an individual is unaware of the factors that caused the behavior and emotion. The unconscious factor has the potential to create sadness and expressed through scores of noticeable indications that includes a disturbed personality traits, difficult times to relate others. It is important to ensure that people with different background or ethnicity should maintain a strong voice in discipline particularly on the issues of ethnic and minority communities. The issues, if not be resolved, results conflicts among people from different places or communities. For example, cultures are normally co-dependent face unique stressors isolated due to immigration and prohibit health seeking when a person fears to be deported or separated from family; this affects the mental and behavioral health of the immigrant family beyond cultural differences. There is a need to train researchers in a sensitive way so that researchers and clinicians use the scales in a skillful manner. In addition, the behavioral theory assists every person to understand others, to provide immediate help, and to discover themselves. By nature, a person is also conditioned on pleasure and pain; it shows that all human beings desired for pleasure and an absence of any pain. However, therapy is more influential than any other portion of the theory and brings consciousness on repressed feelings and thoughts. All individuals are responsible for their actions, they demonstrated the impact of the society, and depended on family dynamics. A developed person with the help of a colleague has a specific subset of self-referent statements. It develops within self that constitutes a form of theory, the behavioral view of the self-concept. In addition, the attributions apply to a general sense of person’s ability to influence others in a behavioral manner.
Finally, the most important reason that theories fulfill the genetic, social, and individual factors is to create the total personality. The personality of a person is stable and distinct in style and creativeness, in thought, emotion, and behavior responses. It characterizes the adaptation of a person to the surroundings and its outcomes. The concept of personality is used to give details on what caused people to behave differently given the same condition, and the consistency the person would response accordingly. Different personality emphasizes different aspects of personality and development; it includes the role of early experience and determines the adult personality or psychotic approach. In the manner of positive psychology, it is concerned with the use of psychological theory, intervention, and research techniques in understanding positive, creative, adaptive, and emotional fulfillment aspects of human behavior. One of the goals of the theory of cognition is to assist people change negative style of thinking to positive style as a way to change a person feels. The approaches are very successful and think about others, the future, ethnicity, gender, and social status accordingly. The change has impact how people think about the very nature of happiness. The total personality is the total change of a person, either a client or the clinician or psychoanalyst.
As influenced by culture, gender, social status, and ethnicity, theories fulfill the genetic, social, and individual factors. The therapeutic treatment of the clients has its basic concepts of culture and cultural factors in diagnosis and the theory is functional; it has relevance in the modern era particularly in the field of psychology. The therapeutic techniques are the use of free association and transference. It helps the individuals to overcome the challenges in life thoroughly. Freud’s theory has contributed in psychology to understand human behavior and a person is conditioned on pleasure and pain. All individuals are responsible for their actions, they demonstrated the impact of the society, and depended on family. Families are indeed a factor to change, strive, and develop the things significant in life. It only shows that not only the processes made by the clinicians are necessary to overcome things; families have a great impact for any improvement and go through such difficulties. In addition, the attributions apply to a wide-ranging sense of person’s ability to influence others in a behavioral manner. The personality of a person is constant and discrete in style and creativeness, in thought, emotion, and behavior responses. People change negative style of thinking to positive style; the change has impact how people think about the very nature of happiness. The fact that psychoanalysis is truly a great idea of the human personality; it is a significant tool to practice, it provides great insights in the inner works of the human mind for a deep understanding to the primary problems that caused mental illness and the development of the other theories of psychology. The tremendous achievements of Freud, Bentham, and their theory handled criticisms along the way smoothly. The psychoanalytic theory is entire appreciated for the deep effects and relevance on the modern technology, clinical environment, and total personality created, despite the various criticisms and oppositions.
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