The answer for question one is not entirely right. The sector of distribution has been given to be the most vulnerable sector of the petroleum industry. Terrorism and natural disasters have been highlighted as the major threats to distribution. Terrorist attacks can however be made even on refineries. Natural disasters would also interfere adversely with refinery plants and the process of exploration. From my point of view, it is the refinery sector that is most vulnerable. A single terrorist strike in a refinery would cause a big crisis compared to distribution that can be substituted by other channels. The use of technology and the internet to control refinery systems and process make it even vulnerable to remote criminals. The supply of crude oil to the refineries is much more vulnerable. As the us sources crude oil from outside with intercontinental channels, the control of government over its security and monitoring is reduced making it much more vulnerable.
The second part of the question was well addressed in terms with respect to the problem presented in the first part of the question. In regard to the vulnerability of the refineries, the boosting of security systems in the refinery is important. Measure to counter terrorist attacks should be put in place. It is also important to detach as much as possible the operations from the internet to protect from cyber-attack. Where the systems have to be connected through any network necessary security issues e.g. us e of fire walls have to be implemented.in regions where the supply of the refineries is vulnerable, adequate security measure have to be put in place both within and outside the country. They should also be inspected regularly for any damages. Intelligence agencies should also be put on watch over any threat of attack.
References
BP pipeline failure: hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, to receive testimony relating to the effects of the BP pipeline failure in the Prudhoe Bay oil field on U.. (2007). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. :.
Mabro, R. (2008). On The Security Of Oil Supplies, Oil Weapons, Oil Nationalism And All That. OPEC Energy Review, 32(1), 1-12.
McCage, C. (2007). Oil. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press.
(2011). Oil Refining. Oil and Energy Trends , 36(5), 31-32.
