According to the Division of Labour as proposed by Adam Smith, growth is rooted in the constantly increasing division of labor. This thought relates predominantly to the interest of the labor power, precisely with relation to the breaking down of big jobs into several unimportant components. In such a scenario, every single worker becomes a specialist in a secluded vicinity of production, consequently rising his competence. The reality that it is not necessary for laborers to toggle responsibilities during the course of the day additionally saves more time and money. Interestingly, this was what exactly permitted many factories in England to rapidly grow all through the nineteenth century.
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Society, as Marx feels is a predetermined set up of property relations and men and women born into such a society eventually are divided based on the social class that is a result of the predetermined structure of the society. People do not have a choice in terms of the kind of social class to which they wish to belong. People are ascribed to a specific social class by virtue of their birth. Individuals, Marx feels, are essentially personifications of the economic categorization, and are embodiments of specific class relations and interests.
Marx strongly contends that the degree or extent of qualitative change of the social systems with the passage of time is difficult to be explained in terms of the extra-social factors like climate or topology. He goes on to claim that the political, legal, philosophical as well as the artistic development of a society are all heavily reliant up on the economic development, while being mutually reactive to one another and also upon the economic base.
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Smith speaks of the cyclic growth and downfall of the dominant powers of the West, right from the Genoese, to the Dutch, to the Great Britain and finally culminating with the American cycles of capital and power accumulation.
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The process of globalizing the regional organization of the whole world based on this principle, took many centuries for its evolution along with a good deal of violence. More significantly, as it quite regularly happens to most political interventions, the Westphalian sovereignty turned out to be universal through endless desecrations of its official instructions and major transforms of its functional meaning.
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Though the work of Adam Smith explains the numerous ways in which the society as well as the human beings benefit from trade specialization. However, in the same breath, he also elucidates how this division of labor and trade specialization has deprived people of the intellectual quality. He feels that industrial development and gaining expertise resulted in a number of people to be extremely proficient at individual specific tasks and this eventually has made them practically incapable of doing any other task or job in which they do not specialize.
Irrespective of the wealth that division of labour generates and the quantum of time that it saves, a wide portion of the population is left uninformed, ignorant and beleaguered by their lack of opportunities as well as the practical knowledge in several of the other areas of their life. Smith carefully elucidates the gloomier side of gaining expertise and also of the industrial revolution, and the numerous ways in which that same results in the intellectual deterioration of the population.
