Exam answers
“spirit of the time” Zeitgeist does not mean the same thing to everyone because it is like a snapshot of culture at any given time for any given medium of art, etc. Although some believed that Zeitgeist in art could represent an organic unity so that the unity created a total spirt.
Primitivism
art movement that viewed non-Western cultures and included the motifs from that culture into art forms (painting, ceramics, weaving, etc); respect for these cultures as better in some way from western culture
What is the difference between Modernization, Modernity and Modernism?
Let’s take a modern person, a modern person can accept the new art and technologies of an age and enjoy them while at the same time they are disappointed that culture is not reaching its ideal form. Modernity is all new forms, ideas that are created new and are only emerging, so no one in the past ever knew about them.
Modernism is not happy about modernity. Modernism is anti-modernity, but I don’t see what good that does because modernity is linked to time so it is a continuing process.
Modernization is the (ideal) progressive improvement from violence to enlightenment, towards improved humans and improved culture. I don’t believe that Modernization is the same thing as Westernization.
What are the five tenets of Modernity?
Objectivity, representation, individuality and uniqueness
1 What are the three contrasting ideas in early Modernism?
2 Can modernism fail or if not how can you tell if it accomplishes anything.
3 Newer cultures (existing in contemporary times) are better than ancient cultures
New knowledge only comes from applying reason and allowing your mind to become enlightened ( the opposite of The Church and Monarchies.
What were Julius Meier-Graefe thoughts regarding art as a commodity?
He was disgusted that art was only appreciated as a commodity, art had become confined to the role of an item that only had worth it could be sold Art as a commodity die influence feelings of pleasure or joy, but only had influence as being marketable.
Did Roger Fry believe that the ideas behind a work of art are more important than the formal elements of the work? Explain
Freid felt that the essential nature of art was its aesthetic value to the viewer. A view of a painting feels unique emotions and impressions of a work of art that are related to his/her individuality. The ideas that a painting represents to the viewer are more important than if a painting reflects some type of reality that is agreeable to some group influencing what is good art and bad art. On the other hand, he theorized that pure art give the viewer a universally shared emotion.
He was a post-impressionist who did not see the value of a painting in how well it represented how nature “really looks,” for example
What were Clive Bell’s beliefs regarding Primitive Art? How did he believe the process in making Primitive Art relate to Modern Art?
He felt that most primitive art was good, because of its nature of being primitive art. He felt that way because to him, primitive are did not contain the colors, topics or visual images of the contemporary culture. And so, primitive art to a contemporary viewer in society was something astonishing and new
Bibliography
Harrison, C and Paul Wood. Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing times. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd. 1992.
Osborn, Brett. An age of Juxtaposition and Simulacra A transparent look at Post Modernism and the Poly Contemporary Age. Swuanne, GA:Anne Whutknot Publishing. 2014.
