Religion is an integral component of human history at different stages of its development. The Muslim Reformation fundamentally different from the Catholic Reformation. “As religious regimes both, Catholicism and Islam, preceded and are likely to outlast the modern world system of nation-states” (Casanova 2). The difference lies in fact that these processes occur at different times and in various specific historical conditions. The Muslim Reformation expressed primarily in the revision (or attempt to revise) religious motivations of the various aspects of social life and only marginally affected the proper theological questions. In Islam church and clergy similar to a Catholic are absent and it has imposed a very significant impact on the nature of reform in Islam.
The main belief in Islam is that there is no god but Allah. It is incorrectly regard Allah as the same god as in Catholicism since the submission of the Muslims about God contrary to divine revelation. Belief in the Messengers also distinguishes Islam from Catholicism. Belief in the last day of the Muslims does not correspond to the word of God. According to their doctrine, the deceased soul exists in the carcass where the wicked angels of torment, but the righteous are in peace. Islam proclaims that the human soul according to earthly existence goes to heaven or hell. The Catholic Church has formulated the dogma of purgatory as an intermediate place between heaven and hell. According to the Catholic doctrine of purgatory is the seat of the souls of sinners, not burdened with mortal sins. Purgatory Fire removes sins to heaven. The most important principle of Islam and Catholicism is strict monotheism, bears absolute and unconditional. Similarly, for Catholicism and Islam is the belief in the immortality of the soul leaving the body at death, resurrection from the dead on the day of Judgement and faith in divine predestination. This is one of the most important tenets, according to which there is nothing which does not depend on the will. All public and private life takes place on the designs of God. Similarly, it is the performance of the rite of worship - prayer which can be considered analogous to Christian prayer.
In Catholicism, the original doctrine of common stock of good works, which was proclaimed by Pope Clement I (1349) and confirmed by the Council of Trent and Vatican (1870) Councils. According to this doctrine, the Church owns stock "superconductivity due Affairs" accumulated the church due to the activity of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary and the saints of the Roman Catholic Church. Thus, the fate of the souls in purgatory can be facilitated, and its tenure there reduced through "good works" (prayer, worship, donations to the church), which make the memory of the deceased relatives and friends. Indulgence is a letter of absolution. In Islam there is no concept of absolution after confession and repentance. Islam does not recognize the indulgence. It is noteworthy that such a letter Catholicism could be bought for money. Thus, every sin, except death, had your money's worth. As distribute stock "supererogatory deeds" are entitled to only the priests, to the extent determined by their privileged position among the faithful.
Catholic allocates cult of the Virgin, the mother of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary. In 1854, Pope Pius I proclaimed the dogma of her Immaculate Conception. A special feature of Catholicism is also the doctrine of the primacy of the Pope over all Christians. The head of the Catholic Church Pope proclaimed vicar of Christ on earth, the receiver of the Apostle Peter. The Quran states that piety in front of God is obedience. In contrast to the Christian doctrine of the divine Trinity, Islam asserts that God is one. In Islam, the principle of monotheism carried out more consistently than in other religions. In Islam, there is a belief in angels, demons. In the representation of Muslims is incorporeal beings to do the will of Allah. They are Gabriel, Michael, Azrael.
In Catholicism, spiritual experiences that involve creative the source of all spiritual culture is the Divine in us, bestowed to us in the revelation of the living and good God, we perceive through love and faith and carried out by us as the most important and precious in life. It is believed that a person does not limit itself sensuous external experience, does not give it exclusive or at least predominant values, but on the other hand, recognizes the basic and guiding spiritual experience by which a person lives, loves, believes and appreciates all things, and therefore, it also determines the the latter meaning and higher purpose of the external, sensory experience, it becomes "inside" the Divine, and then gives him the leadership of the entire outer life. The most profound and powerful source of spiritual experience and religious faith is love. Islamic tradition also points to the priority of the spiritual being. In its philosophy and aesthetics of Islam I came to the conclusion that life on earth is not worthy of human nature. Man is born not for the sake of earthly life, but for a higher purpose - to eternal life. On Earth, all despicable and worthless, so all his thoughts should be directed to the heavenly, spiritual, divine. Man is endowed with the mind of God, thin feeling activity, so it should not seek to earth and to the absolute truth.
An important Muslim ritual includes a visit to Mecca, where the ancient sanctuary of the Kaaba was built long before the advent of Islam. The outer wall of the temple is a niche with a black stone (presumably meteorite origin). One of the main rituals of the pilgrims is the veneration of the stone. The Kaaba than black stones were placed more than 300 tribal gods, so it is considered the center of worship for many tribes living around Mecca. Unlike Islam, Catholicism has seven sacraments. Church ceremonies is nothing more than a sacrament that Jesus Christ has given to the implementation of the laity (Vogt 201). In these ceremonies is present symbols of Christianity and emphasizes the important aspects of the life of a true Catholic. Blessing of the Christian life is not restricted to the sacraments. Besides these, there are numerous other rites. It is the consecration of temples, dwellings, various objects and so on. The most important among these rites take Christian burial and other funeral rites.
The Catholic Church willingly enters into its ritual customs of many peoples, honoring embedded in them of human wisdom. Unlike Catholicism Islam does not have no special clergy possessing divine grace, and no church institution serving mediator between the faithful and God. In Catholicism, starting from the XI century works celibacy that is compulsory celibacy of the clergy. In other words, all the priests belong to one of the religious orders (Jesuits, Franciscans, Dominicans, Capuchins, Benedictines). The religious activities of Catholicism also appears identity. Thus, the sacrament of Confirmation in Catholicism called confirmation, committed against children and adolescents aged 7 to 12 years. Differences and process services. In the Catholic Church the faithful sit during the service, with music accompanied by organ or harmonium, but only stand during the singing of certain prayers. Catholic churches are usually built on the ground having the shape of a cross. This form is intended to remind of the redeeming sacrifice of Christ. Sometimes temples are built in the shape of a ship.
Works Cited
Casanova, Jose. "Catholic and Muslim politics in comparative perspective." Taiwan Journal of Democracy 1.2 (2005): 89-108.
Vogt, Evon Z. "Rituals of reversal as a means of rewiring social structure." The realm of the extra-human: Ideas and actions (1976): 201-211.
