Discuss four global controls of temperature
The position of ITCZ is an area of low pressure and compliments the characteristics of tropical climate.
ITCZ Equatorial Low
The Wind converges at the equator making it a low-pressure zone. The temperatures around the tropics area always high throughout the year. The ITCZ along the equator is a low-pressure area. The warmed winds from the tropics blow towards the equator converge and move towards the seas. The result is the balancing of temperatures when the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds converge at the warm equator air rises forming a Hadley cell. The winds flowing towards the equator determine the amount of precipitation around the area hence influencing the temperature levels around the low-pressure belt at the equator.
Subtropical High
Powerful winds characterize the tropical areas, and the wind flows from this area towards the equator. As the wind currents, it is either warm or moist which eventually leads to higher precipitation or dry and cold which is often characterized with aridity. The wind flow dictates the kind of climate around the tropics due to the direction of wind movement. Winds from the ITCZ after either creating the Cyclones move to the subtropical palace of Lowe pressure. This way the heat that originated from the tropics will have been distributed in the equatorial region and to the subtropical.
Subpolar Low
The subpolar area is a low-pressure belt which is sandwiched by two high-pressure zones; tropics and the polar are high-pressure zones. Prevailing westerly’s and prevailing easterlies winds move towards the subpolar low-pressure area. Winds have a significant effect on atmospheric temperatures and, therefore, at the subpolar region the westerlies and easterlies determine the atmospheric temperatures alongside levels of precipitation.
Polar high
The polar high-pressure zone falls about 800to 900 North and South. The region is a high-pressure zone because of the Carioles effect. After saturation at the subpolar pressure zones, the air becomes dry and moves through the troposphere towards the poles. After reaching the poles, the cold dense air subsides towards the earth thus creating a high-pressure belt on the surface of the earth. The movement of the air at the poles, however, does not have much effect on precipitation due to extreme climatic conditions brought by solar radiation during summer or reduced radiation during winter.
The scenario
Daytona Beach Florida is a calm station with gentle winds which are indefinitely interrupted by stronger winds. The scenario here considered is time bound, and the prediction will be considered for the better part of the afternoon. The gentle wind of Northwest is blowing gently across the beach from the land toward the sea. At 11:00 are strong winds from the west sweeps across the beach.
Forecast
The rest of the afternoon will be windy. The wind from the east will keep blowing but speed will reduce over time, and the come will eventually return to the beach after several hours or so.
Method of forecast
Steady-state or Trend Forecasting. In this technique for gauging, the forecaster is taking a gander at the progressions that are happening in the climate frameworks; the fronts, air masses, high and low weight structures, which are influencing the station. The figure depends on the suspicion that these progressions will proceed at the same rate they have been happening. In any case, infrequently will a front move at a predictable rate of movement for 24 hours or more. In this manner, consistent state anticipating gives a decent manual for taking after at any rate for brief timeframes. Trend Forecasting cannot be used to track whether for a long time. The speed of the wind will not remain constant for a long time so the projection of whether to a period beyond 24 hours will be inaccurate. For forecasts of a few to several hours, the method has proven successful. The method called now casting which refers to forecasts for the next several hours are often based on such steady-state techniques (Cavallo, Berner, & Snyder, 2016).
Reference
Cavallo, S. M., Berner, J., & Snyder, C. (2016). Diagnosing Model Errors from Time-Averaged Tendencies in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Monthly Weather Review, 144(2), 759-779. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-15-0120.1
Hartmann, D. L. (2015). Global physical climatology (Vol. 103). Newnes.
