Introduction
The large production of bisphenol A (BPA) in the world has been documented because of the increased usage of the same in various industries. The most critical industries that have been using this BPA include those manufacturing containers for foods and beverages, cigarette filters, thermal receipts as well as paper currency. With such a huge provision, it is critical that the basis of such developments only emanates from making the right choices over its uses because its production to a total of 2.7 million tons could be disastrous to the body. The main reasoning here is that the chemical could leach into the beverages and foods based on the plastic containers in use. The feeling is that many of the companies are reluctant to find a replacement that could be health-conscious, but they stop due to the ease in finding materials for this chemical (Feng, et al., 2012). When it leaches into the foods and beverages, it becomes easier to remain in the human systems and the current studies show that the concentration of the chemical is present in body tissues such as fetal serum, blood, follicular fluid, amniotic fluid, placental tissues and urine (LaFleur and Schug. 2011). With such a presence, it is important to look at its implications, especially when discussing the impact this has on breast cancer. Bisphenol A plays a huge role in the induced activation of the Erk ½ in a manner that can be notable based on the facilitated signaling within a patient’s body, especially one suffering from breast cancer.
Gene-environment interactions have gained popularity in the psychological field while it remains ignored by breast cancer researchers. As it is agreed by most virologists, the unique correlation between breast cancer prevalence should be further explored. The ERα mediated genomic and nongenomic activities provide a regulation that leads to the enhancement of human breast cancer cells. There are many susceptibility loci associated with breast cancer. (Michailidou, et al., 2013) finding identified a new loci using collaborative oncology gen-environment study (Michailidou, et al., 2013) Construes that more than 1000 out of 200000 loci are involved with susceptibility of breast cancer.
Worldwide, breast cancer is considered one of the most common invasive cancers common amongst women. It affects close to 12% of women across the world, an attribute that makes it easier to deliberate on issues affecting the women across the world. It is considered as one of the leading cancer deaths amongst 6% for both women and men, and at least 13.7% of cancer deaths amongst women (LaFleur and Schug. 2011). It is important to understand that the cancer increases amongst the most developed in the world, but lowest amongst the developing countries. It is noted that the cancer cases have been on an increase from 1970(LaFleur and Schug. 2011), an attribute that requires new ways of handling such cases for the sake of addressing the issues that could be making it harder to deal with the issues affecting the world. With more than 2.8 million women reported in 2012 by the US department of health shows a new trend that ought to be discussed (Song, et al. 2012).
This study will look at the various trends the use of BPA in many of the manufacturing industries could be exposing women to the issues affecting the women. The use of the BPA in many of the plastics creates an issue of concern because the leaching into foods and beverages could be affecting the human tissues. The study will examine various ways of addressing the consideration that the endocrine disruptor due to the ability to interact with some of the receptors as the activation continues to take place. The extent of the activation of the Erk ½ is still unknown in many cases, an intriguing aspect that will be ideal when making a huge leap towards learning more about BPA and its effect on breast cancer. It is noted that the RNA assay reveals that the expression of the GPR30 as reflected in the protein commonly known as the G-protein whose receptor is estrogen (Albanito, et al., 2008).
There have been areas within the past few decades, the study on BPA and its analogs have grown quite huge with several of the research studies considering the various disrupting properties of endocrine as well as the ubiquitous occurrences. As part of delivering a better deal, BPA studies show that the use of the chemical could be reflected as the polyamides or the monomers or others that the study identifies as the polymers. It can reflect in a good way of dealing with the crosslinker properties of specific fluoroelastomers (Song, et al. 2012) BPA has been considered as one of the weak estrogens especially amongst receptors α/β agonist this shows that the continued ingestion could lead to more estrogens in the body that affect the health outcomes of various individuals when tested at such concentrations. Ideally, the role of the disrupting chemical found has been very hard when making changes to the body, with many considered as part of the issues affecting the body. For instance, it has been noted as a contributing factor for diabetes, breast cancer, cardiovascular, oxidative stress and inflammatory tissues (Li, et al., 2012).
BPA has been seen to increasingly accelerate the rate of growth, puberty, alter ovarian cycle amongst the women, as well as interfere with the development of the embryo. It has been noted also to induce aneuploidy (Li, et al., 2012).The evidence showing that BPA has had some endocrine disrupting factors has been a common trend that has been considered at various levels as part of addressing the noted endometrial hyperplasia and repeated miscarriages as well as polycystic ovary syndrome.
BPA Activity
Notably, the estrogenic GPR30has been seen to be both in vitro and in vivo, an aspect that requires an integral part of developing the environmental estrogen that comes with such deliveries. It is important to look at the various ways that BPA operates (Matsushima, et al. 2010). The demonstrations show that the binding of the BPA receptors is based on the ability to activate the estrogen receptor ER α/β (Sui, et al. 2012). The consideration made is the fact that the affinity of BPA for these receptors is an increasing figure, which stops at close to 10,000-fold weaker based on consideration of estradiol (Matsushima, et al. 2010).
In the past few years, the GPR30 receptors as a novel estrogen have been critical in developing some of the estrogen receptors noted during various attributes. It is important to understand that the suggested estrogenic compounds provide the biological effects that come with such effects as part of delivering what is right. Notably, the estrogenic GPR30 provides a different way of looking at the attributes that emanate from making different strategic aspects as they operate within the community (Sui, et al. 2012). This is because the SKBR3 signaled by the receptors has a role to play in the increased breast cancerous cells affecting the body.
BPA and breast cancer
The component of BPA has come as a trigger from the estrogens through the exhibition and the possibility for the BPA to connect and bind with the GPER. This ensures that it has a way of making different responses to the normal and neoplastic cells. As a way of making such establishments, it is clear that the involvement of the biological responses is an important consideration as a way of addressing the stimulation of the proliferated spermatogonial cells amongst mice detected during such trials (Dong, Terasaka, & Kiyama. 2011).
The basis of any development is based on the ability to grow the various attributes that emanate from the induced chemoresistance noted within the cells of the breast cancer. These attributes are an important consideration that shows the need to look at the contribution that this has in providing the contribution of the stromal microenvironment. The idea is to develop a wider variety of the tumors as a way of highlighting the clinical evidence that comes from various models used in such researches (Durando, et al.. 2007).
As noted, a growing concern over the impact of BPA when handling the various tumors as they arise is ideal for making such identifications as a way of delivering what is right for the activation of the prominent role in the progression of cancer (Durando, et al.. 2007). The active recruit cancer-associated fibroblasts are an important way of deliberating on breast carcinoma approximately 80% of the stromal fibroblasts. An increasing understanding of the stimulated tumor growth is a way of considering the impact of the tumor in the body (Lee, et al., 2008).
The basic agreement after making various studies and handling various studies shows the mechanisms of the BPA as having a strong consideration when meeting some of the issues affecting the body (Vandenberg, et al., 2010). It is important to handle such attributes based on the basic addresses as they happen when delivering what is ideal within such a consideration. Ideally, the basic chemistry involved shows that the 2-benzene rings and the 2-OH substituents have a fitting in the ER binding and plays a huge role in binding to the ER α/β hence the activation. It is important to turn into intermediate transcriptional responses as part of BPA activation (Vandenberg, et al., 2010).
Mediated signals
The GPER expressed in the SKBR3 breast cancer cells was found to be lacking in ERs. It was realized that the cell types BPA triggers provide a rapid ERK activation is an important consideration because it contains different issues as a way of deliberating on important of GPER/EGFR transduction as a way of addressing the pathways (Vandenberg, et al., 2010). It shows an increasing message of what is present as a way of promoting the figurative way of the genes that portray the characteristics and the estrogens as released through the signaling of the GPER. The growing aspects that come from the stimulation of the proliferated SKBR3 cells and the CAFs as they induce the migration of the SKBR3 cells are a vital consideration (Cheng et al. 2012). The suggestion from this is that the promotion of such functional crosstalk between the CAFs and the cancer cells. CAFs are a critical contribution to the growth of cancer as well as the progression noted as part of deliberating on the metastatic sites within the body (Vandenberg, et al., 2010).
The noted BPA-induced gene transcription is an important consideration at all times. It provides a better means of addressing the other factors that play a vital role in inducing endogenous transcription. Ideally, the role in the regulation of human psychology based on the E2 provided is to work within two main pathways, the nongenomic and the genomic (Cheng et al. 2012). These two attributes have a unique connection that helps in the regulation of the estrogen signaling the needed coordination of the fashions as they work towards deliberating on such attributes across the community. It is important to elaborate on the various triggered rapid intracellular signaling because it provides an epidermal growth factor as part of a receptor-dependent Erk ½ (Pupo, et al. 2012).
The induced BPA mRNA expression could be an integral part of learning regarding the partly decreased aspect of handling the various attributes as part of deliberating on the decreased silencing of the GPER using the siRNA (Pupo, et al. 2012). The suggestion here is that the GPER-mediated nongenomic activity could be a critical part of the endogenous transcription as the stimulation of the BPA takes place. The demonstration of the E2 stimulates from nongenomic action includes the noted rapidity as part of activating the transient of Src/MEK/Erk ½ as part of making such signaling (Pupo, et al. 2012). The activation of the signaling triggers vital cellular functions and that may include the control of the cell cycle, an aspect that provides cell proliferation and that creates various variety tissues as well as the cells.
Some studies have shown that the inhibition of MEK activity as part of the significantly reduced activity of the induced BPA based on the mRNA expression (Matsushima, et al. 2010). Importantly, the activation of Erk ½ could be an important attribute as part of stimulating the gene expression because it depends on the pathway as depicted in the nongenomic ways. A part of the activation process includes the involvement of the provision which comes towards the signaling of the GPER/Src/Erk ½ (Sui, et al. 2012). The translocation of the nucleus, possibly facilities as the ERα which has to bind based on the ERE which has its location based near or in the promoter regions of the genes targeted.
Understanding the right provisions in such a case is difficult as that provides a harder way of dealing with the molecular mechanism of the BPA as it stimulates the Erk ½ signals that appear within the breast cancer cells. As part of deliberating on such attributes, it becomes easier when meeting the elucidated mechanism across the human anatomy. The mediated GPER pathways based on nongenomic activities create a variation of the epidermal growth factors that emanate from meeting the growth factor receptors as the action of the Erk ½ presents a new variety of the responsive cells within the present estrogen levels (Lee, et al., 2008).
(Albanito, et al., 2008) argue that estrogens and the xenoestrogens have a means of mediating the actions so as to bind the estrogen receptors based on the ERα/β. This acts as part of the act of transcription as it applies in the modulation of the target genes as they interact with the DNA responses. With the GPR30 receptors present, the proliferation of the cancerous cells provides such a platform that allows the cancer cells to take their part in such activities. An integral part of dealing with the proliferative effects is based on the ability to deliberate on the noted effects because that provides a corrective means of addressing the intended blocking effects of the receptors (Bouskine, et al. 2009).
BPA has been a consistent element found amongst those individuals in developed nations the feeling is that the exposure is quite high due to the high level of industrialization that takes place here. Those in China are found to have a higher composition of BPA in their systems compared to those in the US. According to a study conducted by lee et al, at least 3.00 ng/ml in concentration was found in 100 urine samples in China compared to 1.3 ng/ml amongst American students (Li, et al., 2012). Such concentrations are quite high and provide a basis for intended developments as they provide new changes that ought to present a change within the system as a way of inducing exposure within the community. The basic developments that come from such exposures could be a risk that presents cancerous considerations given that the level of mediation increases leading to such cancerous cells (Li, et al., 2012).
BPA reduction to reduce cancerous levels
There are different ways through which to detect the level of urine in the human body and the blood which depict that it could be removed through the BPA concentrates in the body. The problem is that the intake continues to be higher and that makes it harder to appreciate the impact that this will have when delivering the patients from such attributes as a way of handling the various changes taking place as a means of dealing with the sources of BPA exposure, an attribute that should be handled well. The exposures range from 1µg/kg/day to 5µg/kg/day (Li, et al., 2012There are considerations that show that the oral consumption of up to 100mg/day for every adult tested are on the rise, with so much concern as that presents a huge problem for the future generation. More companies are looking for ways of cutting costs and for many, it is important to establish a variety of differences as that presents a new way of attacking the cancerous cells (LaFleur and Schug. 2011).The GPER-mediating signaling shows the breast cancer cells are many and that presents a huge problem.
Adults have no water of dealing with issues affecting the health of millions of individuals. The problem is that more people are using the plastics for packaging and that further accelerates the possibility that the tumor advances in stages. With the presence of the GPER, there is the provision of the mediator which provides the estrogen look-alike. In this case, the BPA provides a biological target in tumors sensitive to such estrogen. Doing away with these plastics could be one way of ensuring that BPA is not in use (LaFleur and Schug. 2011).
In conclusion, the BPA stimulates the production and presence of the estrogen, which becomes the genetically responsible antigen in the human body. There is a dependent as the main dose as well as the time frame in the manners which creates a way, hence allowing for the regulation of the of ERα in a downward manner. This is hence based on the ER through the inhibition actions or the siRNA-inhibiting the induced BPA endogenous transcription. The ERα mediated genomic and nongenomic activities provide a regulation that leads to the enhancement of human breast cancer cells. The genes have to be considered in such cases. Learning to deal with such attributes will be an important attribute across the community.
Gene Environmental Interaction
Advent in technological advances for typing variation, research of gene environment interaction have proliferated medical research. Psychology and cancer research are now commonly based on GxE. Main studies of breast cancer based on GxE is the study of new loci and possible deduce prevalent un-explored predisposing factors. GxE has helped the identification of more than 22 regular breasts cancer loci have been recognized. GxE had done much for the study of conditions associated with genetics. ((Michailidou, et al., 2013)) gen- environment exposure researches will help in determining whether prevalence of a condition can be reduced by reducing exposure to predisposing environment.
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