In this PICOT problem statement paper, certain PICOT questions are used using the nursing knowledge. The PICOT question investigates patients undergoing surgery. The PICOT questions considered for this paper are as follows.
P) For patients undergoing surgery
I) preoperative time-out/ Checklist to increase patient safety
C) Standard Procedure
O) Reducing rates of surgical errors for the wrong site, site, procedure, and patient.
Time-Out/ safety CHECK-LIST preoperative is an essential aspect of providing health care around the world in every country. Surgical interventions are growing day by day as traumas, injuries, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases are rising with the time. The World Health Organization (WHO) has taken some measures for ensuring surgical safety in hospitals. WHO presented certain guidelines that are very important for surgical care, and they have set an initiative for essential and emergency surgical care for the well being of the patient . Checklist of safe surgery set by the world health organization is essential for the good outcomes of any surgical procedure. The checklist includes three stages of an operation with specific time and optimal level of the work. The checklist has the first stage that is signed in (prior to administration of anesthesia). The second stage is time out (prior to the incision or cutting of the skin) and the last one in sign out (before the patients go away from the surgical room). A checklist operator makes sure before every surgical procedure that the operation team has finished the checklist before proceeding towards the surgery .
P) For patients undergoing surgery, it is mandatory to take their consent, identify and analyze site and procedure. Safety check of the administration of anesthesia should be ensured. The pulse oximeter should be checked. Any allergy, respiratory issue, loss of blood should be confirmed, and precautionary measures should be planned before the surgery .
I) Interventions for surgical safety preoperative time-out/ Checklist increases patient safety. In for the timeout checklist team members should be introduced to the patient, again they need to confirm the site and procedure, the anticipated critical events need to be analyzed for example the duration of the operation or the blood loss. The review of anesthesia, nursing, and surgeon teams matter a lot. The preoperative time-out needs to include if any antibiotic is administered within last 60 minutes and also if the essential imaging is displayed or not applicable.
C) Standard Procedure of any surgery by following the checklist of surgical safety gives out perfect results and lower the rate of morbidity and mortality .
O) Reducing rates of surgical errors for the wrong site, site, procedure, and patient . By implementing preoperative time-Out/ safety check-list, the surgeons are able to assess every step accurately without missing any important feature. By following these stages the heath care providers can decrease the common and avoidable mistakes risks that cause harm to the well-being and safety of the operative patients
The preoperative safety checklist/ TIME-out for the surgical patient is very important it ensures the safety and quality of health of the patient. It reduces the rates of error while any procedure. It is the reason that it is considered very helpful.
References
de Vries, E. N., Prins, H. A., Crolla, R. M., den Outer, A. J., van Andel, G., van Helden, S. H., et al. (2010). Effect of a comprehensive surgical safety system on patient outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine , 363 (20), 1928--1937.
Haugen, A. S., S{\o}fteland, E., Almeland, S. K., Sevdalis, N., Vonen, B., Eide, G. E., et al. (2015). Effect of the World Health Organization checklist on patient outcomes: a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Annals of surgery , 261 (5), 821--82.
Haynes, A. B., Weiser, T. G., Berry, W. R., Lipsitz, S. R., Breizat, A.-H. S., Dellinger, E. P., et al. (2009). A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. New England Journal of Medicine , 360 (5), 491-499.
