Lab- Accumulator
Purpose
The purpose of this lab report is to understand the working of accumulator machine in the various working environment.
Theory
A useful application of the accumulator is to provide the ready source of the hydraulic power; thus the pump is running constantly. This application permits the small pump and the accumulator are to deliver a high output for the required intervals of time. The pressure switch is being used to charge the accumulator in the pressure level. The hydraulic solid pressure is sufficient for this operation. The regular piston accumulator is used as the mounting bar. The run one line is from the manifold and another switch is from the back panel. The setup is mounted at 11 1/8 inches long in diameter on the load arm and four way valves; it is connected to the basic pressure source. The charge in the accumulator of the air chamber is 60PSI in the floating valve provided. There are no leaks in the pressure gauge. Plug the pressure switch card into the panel to start the pump and open the manifold valve. The pump circuit is switched on, in order to operate the accumulator for several times. To rest the accumulator, shutoff the appropriate manifold valve.
Equipments
Double Acting Cylinder, load arm, four way valve, a pressure source, the pump, and the accumulator.
Variables
Open the accumulator switch to fill with the oil; one should be careful while filling the oil. Make sure and clear while adjusting the pressure switch. Observe the cylinder several times to find acut in and cut out points. The pump circuit switched on.
Results and Analysis
With the pump circuit switched on, operate the cylinder several times, both with and without the accumulator. To test without the accumulator, merely shut off the appropriate manifold valve. Record cylinder extension time.
Extension time, pump only (:3' 6 ~), ( "3 ~ 75)l '1 • 0 5)
Extension time, pump, & accumulator (3- 3. \), (3.7 r~ C Lf q 0)
Permit the pump to run long enough to develop 120 psi in the accumulator, and to shut itself off. Now disconnect the pump motor plug and operate the cylinder. Determine the number of strokes possible from oil in the accumulator.
Observe the decreasing system pressure.
7. Remove the line to the 1%" cylinder and connect it to the %" diameter cylinder Repeat Number 6.
1. In this experiment, cylinder speed depends directly on an available fluid flow.
Compare the piston speeds in part 5 above and estimate the flow provided by
The accumulator. (Assume that the pump above provides .5 gallons per
minute).
Flow Rate = RPM x CIR (in /Re volution Displacement)/ 0.5 (in /Gallon)
= 150* 120/0.5 = 36000
2. What limits the rate of flow that the accumulator can provide momentarily?
The momentary flow rate of the accumulator is 100.0t/h. This is not the upper limit; the value varies based on the various factors.
3. For greatest usefulness, should the working volume of the accumulator be larger,
Smaller, or about the same as the cylinder displacement?
The volume of the accumulator should be small because a large volume accumulator is extremely bulky in nature; it could not consider the space and weight as the important factor. The pressure output is not constant; this is due to the effect of steel friction. Some restriction is imposed on a delivery. This problem is expected to give the long seal life.
4. What would happen if an accumulator were charged with gas at 140 psi (with
Maximum system pressure of 120 pounds)?
The accumulator will become unstable when it is loaded with 140 psi.
5. How would operation of an accumulator circuit of this type be affected, if some of the
Charging air would leak away?
If the accumulator faces the problems on the air leakage, the accumulator will lose the control to maintain the pressure and also it will lose to make up the control on lost fluid due to the internal leakage system.
6. Name the other major types of hydraulic accumulators.
The other types of hydraulic accumulator are piston, bladder, and diaphragm accumulator.
7. Name several uses for accumulators.
The common use of the accumulator is to supplement the power flow. The accumulator is used to absorbing the stock. The accumulator serves as the pressure stock damping device. The accumulator is used as an emergency power supplying device.
8. Is the efficiency of a properly functioning accumulator expected to be high, medium, or
low?
The efficiency of a properly functioning accumulator will be high. Low the efficiency, then the accumulator’s operation will below.
Conclusion
The accumulator is used as analternate power source. It is used as the supplement power slow device. This experiment is used to analyze the particular type of the accumulator. This particular is analyzed in the sense of efficiency, a damping device.
Lab- Pneumatics
Purpose
The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with both pressure and volume using the Boyle’s law.
Theory
The Boyle’s law reacts on both pressure and volume; the other factor will change in a linear way.
P1V1 = P2V2
Three factors can be known by finding the fourth factor. The factor varies with temperature; this is outside the scope of the experiment. The volume is measured in cubic inches.
Equipment
Vertical Mount – Double acting cylinder.
15Lb, Weight
NORGREN: round line air cylinder #NCA – 21
Procedure
Mount the vertical cylinder on the table.
Extend the rod by hand and connect the airline volume at the bottom.
Place a weight on the rod.
Measure the rod length.
Calculate the full volume of the cylinder; determine its volume after the air was compressed.
Variables
The pressure or volume has to be changed to maintain the pressure in a linear way. The airline is maintained at 30PSI gauge. The weight should be placed carefully to record the pressure.
Results and Analysis
1. Did the calculated value for the Final Pressure differ from the measured Final?
Pressure reading? How much? Why?
Yes, it varies. The difference was 10 Psia. This is due to the calculation errors, like observation errors, etc.
2. What is the difference between PSIA and PSIG? Which value is generally used in
industry?
The Psig is the pressure read from the gauge; it is the difference between the pipe and the atmosphere pressure. The Psia is the total pressure or the absolute pressure including the pressure of the atmosphere.
3. What steps could you take to automate this process?
4. Explain one method to improve repeatability of this process?
The method is called Microlab, which is used to improve the repeatability of this process,
5. Briefly explain how a vacuum generator works.
The air is supplied by the air compressor at the high speed. The air pulls the tunnel. The tapping this area of the tunnel with a fitting; you can power the vacuum at your control.
6. List two primary differences between hydraulics and pneumatics.
- The pneumatic system uses compressed gas, like air.
- The pneumatic system is the open system
- Hydraulic system is a closed system.
- The hydraulic system is the liquid system, such as oil.
Conclusion
This lab is useful to learn about the Pneumatic system. The pneumatic system is an open system use compressed air. This lab is much useful in learning about the Boyle’s law pressure and volume.