In this episode of “Bones” the victim is a man, who was killed by explosion of the bomb in his car, while he was driving it. Next comes the list of bones, that is mentioned in the episode.
1. Lumbar spine – lower back.
Lumbar spine is core support of the human body. It allows us to perform important functions like side bending, turning, rotation. One of main purposes of the spine is to maintain upright walking ("Lumbar Spine Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Natural Variants").
2. Ischium – sit bone.
The main function of the sit bone reveals when we sit. This bone helps us to sit tall on a hard chair and to balance while we sit. ("Common Bone Names").
3. Clavicle – collarbone.
Clavicle - is the only bone that connects the arm and body of a human. This bone serves an important function by performing maximum mobility. Its name is derived from the Latin and means “little key”. Clavicle is one of the most commonly broken bones in the human body. ("Clavicle").
4. Pubic symphysis – pubis, hip bone.
The main function of pubic symphysis – connection of pubic bones of the pelvis. It is located in front of the bladder and above the external genitals. ("The Hip Bone - Ilium - Ischium - Pubis - Teachmeanatomy").
5. Cranial vault,cranial fissure, parietal bone, ethmoid and sphenoid bones – are parts of the skull (Zemlin and Stolpe).
Vault of skull, also known as the cranial vault, is the space in the skull occupied by the brain and is formed from certain bones including parietal, sphenoid and ethmoid ("Vault Of Skull | Cranial Vault").
6. Vertebral column – spine.
The spine acts as a support body, is also protected by the spinal cord, which is in its channel and participates in the movements of the body and the skull. ("Common Bone Names").
Biological anthropology: explanation of the article “Double trouble for Marseille police hunting serial rapist as DNA turns up identical twins”
Every person has own DNA. It carries information about the human genetic code and is unique in its kind. With the help of these "genetic fingerprint" close relatives can be determined, it becomes possible to prove involvement in the crime or vice versa – to help people who find themselves in jail because of a judicial error. Usually, DNA test includes the so-called "standard" base pairs of DNA, on the order of 400. The case of the brothers is unique because they have identical standard testable DNA pairs. However, there is no absolutely identical DNA, so the task of the police is to conduct additional tests to detect the difference. These tests will take more time and money. Due to the fact that the scan area increases dramatically, according to preliminary estimates its cost will be about 800 000 euros. Thus, the investigation process will be delayed for an indefinite period, and the relevance of the test is doubtful. However, 100% of the involvement of one of the brothers without DNA test will be difficult to prove, because they are also identical visually and for victims it is also impossible to distinguish them (Lauter).
Another essential factor is that it is necessary to determine the involvement of one or both of the brothers to the crime. Is it necessary to punish those of brothers who have committed all those crimes. After all, one can cover the other. Other way both brothers may intentionally blame each other in order to confuse the investigation and delay it.
In my opinion, one of the solutions to the problem may be the use of a polygraph test. Polygraph, of course, cannot detect lies itself, but it tracks the physiological changes that occur in the body when a person is lying (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, perspiration). Based on this physiological data it is possible to determine who of two brothers is lying and who is not. Thus, the polygraph is fast, and most importantly a much less expensive way to find out the truth.
In general, results of diagnostic by means of polygraph are probabilistic in nature and results of the examination are based on the subjective assessment of the polygraph specialist. Thus, the polygraph - is just a tool, that records physiological responses: it does not define either the veracity or falsity, nor the guilty of interviewee.
Another important piece of evidence in the investigation is to establish the criminal fingerprint. This evidence could be crucial in the investigation. It is believed that there are no people with the same fingerprints. Even identical twins, who have identical DNA, have different skin patterns on the fingertips. There is no specific information in the article about criminals’ fingerprints, because it is not clear whether the police investigated the crime scene or not to discover this evidence.
In general, all of these types of evidences, that can show guilt of a particular person are not absolutely reliable separately. However, together they can provide accurate information to the account of the person who is really guilty of committing crimes.
Works cited
"Common Bone Names". Effortless Movement. N.p., 2010. Web. 14 May 2016.
Zemlin, Willard R and S. G Stolpe. The Structure Of The Human Skull. Champaign, Ill.: Stipes, 1967. Print.
Lauter, Devorah. "Double Trouble For Marseille Police Hunting Serial Rapist As DNA Turns Up Identical Twins". Telegraph.co.uk. N.p., 2013. Web. 14 May 2016.
"The Hip Bone - Ilium - Ischium - Pubis - Teachmeanatomy". Teachmeanatomy.info. N.p., 2016. Web. 18 May 2016.
"Vault Of Skull | Cranial Vault". Mananatomy.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 18 May 2016.
"Lumbar Spine Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Natural Variants". Emedicine.medscape.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 18 May 2016.
"Clavicle". InnerBody. N.p., 2016. Web. 18 May 2016.
