Introduction
This experiment is used to study the application of Newton`s second law of motion on water jet out of the nozzle. Water under known pressure coming out of a jet of a known diameter tends to gush out at a relatively high velocity. This experiment is all about the study of the motion of water and all the forces involved.
Background information
The impulse momentum principle state that the state of rest or uniform motion of the body takes place in the direction of the externally applied force and the magnitude of the force is equal to the rate of change of momentum.
Momentum can be defined as the dot product of mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity having both magnitude and the direction. From the Newton`s second law of motion the rate of change of momentum can be expressed as,
F=mdvdt+vdmdt
Since the quantity vdmdt = 0 since mass m is a constant, the equation is therefore expressed as
F=mdvdt=ma
Where the quantity dvdt is the acceleration of the fluid which can assume a negative sign to imply deceleration is taking place especially by the force of gravity.
With the help of a suitable, it is easy to show the force exerted on the plate by the jet leads to a momentum change which can be expressed by formula;
Fp=-mvp
The initials vp is the jet velocity at any time and is the mas flux that is impacting on the plate. The negative sign is set to imply that the force is exerting in the downward direction. According to Newton`s third law of motion, an equal force in opposite direction is being exerted on the plate by the jet on the plate is given by the formula
Fj=-Fp=mvp
It is crucial to note that the jet velocity is given by vp is somehow smaller than the nozzle exit velocity vo which deceleration caused by the gravitational force.
Finally the methodology to investigate the dynamics of water jet followed a procedural pattern outlined in the next subtopic. The obtained data was recorded in the table of data and it was analyzed thoroughly to make the necessary conclusions about the whole experiment. Information used to make this comprehensive report is listed in the bibliography at the end of the report.
Work cited
Momentum principle, Fluid jets. www.geofys.uu.se/files/html. 13 November 2013
Momentum and forces in fluid flow. Impact of a jet on a plane surface. www.cah.sdu.cn/fluid/html. 13 November 2013
Roymech. Fluid jets. 28 January 2013. www.roymech.co.uk/Related/Fluids/Fluids-Jets.html. 13 November 2013.
