Introduction
Advances in research have brought a substantial progress in the field of nutritional therapy provisions. The current advancement has seen researchers combine Arginine and Proline dietary that have been fed to diabetic rats to accelerate wound healing in these mammals. A combination of the two nutrients has several important functions, which include; enhancement in wound healing and angiogenesis as well as improved repair of damaged tissues, help keep both cartilage and collagen production at optimal levels. It is also important in protein synthesis by working as a primary substrate, triggers cell proliferation when it breaks down to Polyamines and Ornithine in the process of metabolism, the supplementation also causes cell signaling by producing nitric oxide through the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. These nutrients are found in various food stuffs inclusive of animal and plants sources. For instance, they can be obtained through the consumption of dairy products such as milk, gelatin, cheese, beef, poultry, pork and sea foods like lobster. Plant sources may include; cabbage, soybeans, wheat products and different nuts. The fraction of the nutrient needed by the subject’s body differs significantly depending on the type of animal been treated and also the kind of diseases being treated. For example, the amount of Arginine supplement required for healing artificial incision wounds in a rat would be approximate, 7.0 g/day whereas in an adult human being would be about, 30.0 g/day. Also, the amount that would be used to heal heart problems would differ depending on the heart conditions at that distinct time. For example, a patient with congestive heart failure would need to consume about 6.0 – 20.0 g/day, whereas those suffering from clogged heart arteries would require approximately 9.0-28.0 g/day. Additionally, the consumption of this supplement should be consistent until the conditions being treated are put under control or healed entirely Stechmilleret al. (2005). Some nutritionists recommend daily consumption of these nutrients to prepare the body for a future encounter with such diseases. According to the research conducted by Raynaud-Simon et al. (2012), supplementing Arginine and Proline together can bring forth a metabolic process that enhances wound healing in diabetic rats, and also according to them; these nutrients would be useful to diabetic patients with healing failure. During their study, the researchers deduced a hypothesis, where they wanted to establish what the efficacy was of Arginine plus Proline supplementation was on the metabolism of protein and amino acid, and also on wound repair in experimental diabetic rats (Raynaud-Simon et al., 2009). They raised this question as an essential guide to their research, which would further determine if the same treatment could be given to diabetic men and women with poorly healing ulcers if it becomes successful in the experimental diabetic rats.
Abstract
This paper surveys the current literature on the administration of Arginine plus Proline supplementation in diabetic rats, on one of the selected research studies. It assesses the article, uses randomized experiments and comparative evaluation of its material content to impart insight on the topic of discussion. The primary purpose of this paper review is to provide a comprehensive analysis, on the application of Arginine combined with Proline in diabetic patients suffering from wounds that have delayed healing. The paper also elaborates of trials carried on its selected participants (diabetic rats). It further shows a general overview of the literature used, materials used and methodologies applied, which involved abdominal skin incision about a 7 cm long and daily excision of dorsal skin of eighteen diabetic male rats. It was followed by randomized feeding them with Arginine plus Proline supplementation or Isonitrogenous Isoenergetic control formula for five days, and nitrogen level determined daily. The paper also explains in detail the results acquired at the end of the experiments on the participants, where the groups fed on both ARG plus PRO and IC had enhanced nitrogen levels in the wound compared to their counterparts (Witte, 2002). It further gives a detailed discussion on the research study conducted, where the researchers observed that the diabetic parties with injuries that have prolonged suffer the risk of being malnourished just like some of the experimental diabetic rats Escudero et al. (2013). The discussion further elaborates that a specific amino acid approach was worth being considered in treating wounds in the diabetic populace. The paper also examines the conclusion of the research study, where the diabetic rats fed on the ARG plus PRO supplementation attained a better body protein metabolism and improved wound healing. It also gives an interpretation of the conclusion made by the scholars, which suggests that expression of low macrophage iNOS favored the closure of the wound. The paper also presents the perspectives of the researchers, where they observe that diabetic patients with poorly healing wounds end up experiencing; chronic pain and severe infections that lead to amputations. It as explains the significance of the study, as being able to demonstrate how well Arginine plus Proline supplementation worked in diabetic rats by enhancing the level of nitrogen in wounds, improving amino acid profile as well as favoring angiogenesis involved in wound healing Shi et al.(2003). Finally, the paper talks of the recommendation given by the scholars of testing this oral nutritional supplement on both diabetic men and women with chronic wounds that have delayed in healing.
References
Escudero, A., Petzold, G., Moreno, J., Gonzalez, M., Junod, J., Aguayo, C., . . . Escudero, C. (2013). Supplementation with apple enriched with L -arginine may improve metabolic control and survival rate in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. BioFactors, 39(5), 564-574. doi:10.1002/biof.1103
Raynaud-Simon, A., Belabed, L., Naour, G. L., Marc, J., Capron, F., Cynober, L., & Darquy, S. (2009). P254 Effect Of Arginine And Proline On Wound Healing In Diabetic Rats. Clinical Nutrition Supplements, 4(2), 132. doi:10.1016/s1744-1161(09)70304-7
Raynaud-Simon, A., Belabed, L., Naour, G. L., Marc, J., Capron, F., Cynober, L., & Darquy, S. (2012). Arginine plus proline supplementation elicits metabolic adaptation that favors wound healing in diabetic rats. AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 303(10). doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00003.2012
Shi, H. P., Most, D., Efron, D. T., Witte, M. B., & Barbul, A. (2003). Supplemental L-arginine enhances wound healing in diabetic rats. Wound Repair and Regeneration Wound Repair Regen, 11(3), 198-203. doi:10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11308.x
Stechmiller, J. K., Childress, B., & Cowan, L. (2005). Arginine Supplementation and Wound Healing. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 20(1), 52-61. doi:10.1177/011542650502000152
Witte, M. B., Thornton, F. J., Tantry, U., & Barbul, A. (2002). L-Arginine supplementation enhances diabetic wound healing: Involvement of the nitric oxide synthase and arginase pathways. Metabolism, 51(10), 1269-1273. doi:10.1053/meta.2002.35185
