Chapter Summary
In chapter 19 Ramsbotham, Tom, and Hugh examine a number of conflict resolution theories as well as critiques to the theories. The first theory advanced in the chapter is the Pluralist/ Cosmopolitan Heartland of Conflict. This theory of conflict resolution proposes the formation of an international body that is inclusive of all nations globally that is in charge of ensuring conflict resolution. In this case, conflict resolution is achieved through structures set up to ensure effective and efficient global governance dispensed through an international society of states. The main methods used in conflict resolution under this theory are dialogue, negotiation, and mediation. This in turn helps to ensure that violent conflict resolution methods are avoided.
Ramsbotham, Tom, and Hugh (401) also analyze the critical theory of conflict resolution. According to the theory, local conflicts arise due to the difference present in the global economy. However, most of the global nations view conflict states as failed states with local problems. The theory suggests that most of the conflict resolution mechanisms developed are aimed at ensuring that the laid out global power structure continue to control the global economy (Ramsbotham, Tom, and Hugh, 401). This in turn has led to an overreliance on the states that are viewed as rich in the entire conflict resolution process. The book cites the actions of the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan as an example of how conflict resolution methods are tailored to ensure that global mechanisms remain the same.
The chapter also presents the post structural critique. According to the critique, peace and conflict resolution has to be based on anti-foundationalism. This theory brings together a number of viewpoints that support different conflict resolution models such as non-positivism and constructionism. According to the critique, modern conflict resolution methods are greatly associated with tyranny and is greatly opposed to the universalization of conflict resolution (Ramsbotham, Tom, and Hugh, 406).
Lastly, the chapter examines the non-western critique. The critique mainly concentrates on the viewpoint that conflict resolution is a western ideal that should be ignored by non-western states. However, according to the chapter this is not a reason for abandoning conflict resolution since it is mutually beneficial to all the parties involved. According to the theory, it is important to intensify conflict in some cases so that any injustices that led to conflict can be addressed effectively (Ramsbotham, Tom, and Hugh, 409).
Work Cited
Ramsbotham, Oliver, Tom Woodhouse, and Hugh Miall. Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The Prevention, Management and Transformation of Deadly Conflicts. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2011. Print.
