Definitions
Paternalism; it refers to an attitude or a policy stemming from the hierarchic pattern of a family based on patriarchy
Primary sources; in the context of history studies, primary source is an artefact or sometimes document, a recording and any other source of information that serves as the original source of information of the topic..
Scientific management; this is the management of economy or business in accordance with the principles of efficiency that are derived from experiments in methods of work and production.
Dual unionism; this is the development of another union or political organisation that is parallel to the existing one (labour union).
Four characteristics of the transformation in the workplace during the first industrial revolution (1850 -1890).
Innovation and industrial development, the textile production in particular was transformed by industrial development.
Transportation and industrialization; this saw the arrival of steam engines.
Banking and communication in the industrial uprising, through inventions of telegraph, communications become easier.
The upper and middle classes arose in the work places.
Three aspects of the role of women in the economy prior to 1850
Before 1850, at this time the labour of women was crucial to the survival of the economic unit.
Married women worked as a production unit on the farm immediately surrounding the house and the outbuildings.
In the late 1850s, the agricultural unit role of women was drawn into the money economy.
Three features of the lives of urban working families during the late 1800’s.
The urban working classes were less unified than the middle classes.
About four out of five people in the urban belonged to working classes at turn of the century.
Highly skilled workers become a real labour aristocracy earning about 2 pounds in every week in Great Britain.
Describe the development of unions’ essay.
Despite the recurrent stance on unity, the labour association has always remained divided internally. As seen Canadian history, this has brought the development of unions. For example in 1850-1914 Canadian employers refused to give salary increment to the workers and the printers walked off the job on March 25, 1872 resulted. Publishers hired replacement certain employees but the strikers had earned prevalent support from other Toronto workers. Then finally Prime Minister John Macdonald then introduced the Trade Union Act on April 18, 1872 thus legalizing and protecting union Workers movements which had begun to develop as early as the 1850s. The main issue was to advocate for the need for a shorter work week that galvanized the movement and persuaded more employees that joining unions would convert their lives for the better.
Knight of Labour was formed in Philadelphia in 1869 with the main purpose in that of labour unions was to improve working conditions. The recommendation by the Knights was to shape both experienced and unskilled employees in the same merger and created an to women and blacks. The Knights then established ornamental rituals haggard from Freemasonry to oversee their gatherings and meetings. The assembly had arisen as a nationwide power and had plummeted its early secrecy by early 1880s. At the end of the 20th century labour organizations in Canada numerous challenges from equally inside and outside like USA. Ideological divisions still exist. Unions anxious with social reform have a predisposition to become radical, more in the public than the private sector. Many members from private-sector mergers have regarded public-sector salary increases as coming directly from the taxes they have to pay on their own. Although no split has actually occurred, serious tensions have been felt between the 2 groups, particularly within the ranks of lesser vital labour bodies.
References
Harris, Richard Colebrook, and Geoffrey J. Matthews, Historical Atlas of Canada: Addressing the twentieth century, 1891-1961. Vol. 3. University of Toronto Press, 1987
Pierson, Paul. "The Path to European Integration a Historical Institutionalist Analysis" Comparative political studies 29.2 (1996): 123-163.
Jenson, Jane. "‘Different but not ‘exceptional’: Canada's permeable Fordism." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 26.1 (1989): 69-94.
Morrison, David R. Aid and ebb tide: A history of CIDA and Canadian development assistance. Wilfred Laurier Univ. Press, 1998
