The development of the social system began approximately in the 4th millennium BC (Turner 4). There are several types of society, but most of them (especially the earliest ones) can be attributed to the traditional or the agrarian type. This type of company may include such types as the hunter/gatherer, horticultural, and pastoral. These types differ in their organization and the main principles of existence; but nevertheless, they can be added to the list of the traditional types. The emergence of the traditional types of society goes back to savagery as it lasted until the industrial era (Turner 245). At the end of the 6th century, the agrarian society transformed into the industrial one. Thus, soil is the main factor of production of almost all types of traditional and agrarian society, while food is their main product. The nature of work here is hand-made and personalized. Up to 85% of society was engaged in agriculture, while the urban planning was still underdeveloped or undeveloped at all. The communal ownership was a dominant form of ownership (Turner 221). The social structure of the traditional types of society is divided into the castes, estates, and classes. In addition, this society is characterized by "the closed social structures and very low social mobility" (Turner 226). The social classes play a key role here. As for the gender issues, it is necessary to admit that women had almost no rights and were completely subordinate to men (Turner 236). The level of technology development was very low beginning with the primitive forms to the various rough tools that had been used for the purpose of war and land cultivation. The abrupt transition from a traditional agrarian society occurred after the Industrial Revolution, which began the 17th century (Turner 200). It should also be about the structural differentiation, which was characterized by the development of engineering and application of new technologies, which brought humanity to the next level of organization. The industrial society had been fully formed at this stage of the history, which started the emergence of a new social order, which included two main types of society: i.e. industrial and post-industrial. Undoubtedly, capital was the main factor in the production of industrial society, as it was the aim of any activity. The industrial products were predominant in the production sector. This society is characterized by the production and use of the technologies, for example, various types of machines and vehicles. The post-industrial society is characterized by a fairly sharp transition. This transition took place in the second half of the 20th century in the form of a scientific and technological revolution, which was a quantum leap that changed the world (Turner 179). The post-industrial society is characterized by a sharp increase in the number of creative activity, automation, computerization, and virtualization of society. Moreover, the globalization of the world society is a key feature of this era. Hence, information becomes the main production factor, while all kinds of services become the predominant product. If the industrial society was aimed at the mass production, the post-industrial society is aimed at the small-scale production. Ownership has transformed from a private into a stock one. As for the structural differentiation of the transition from the industrial to post-industrial periods, it should be noted about the development of new technologies that are likely to have caused the transition at different levels of social activity. If one talks about the causes of the transition of one type of society to another, these transitions were carried out primarily by means of the development of science and new technologies.
Work Cited
Turner, Bryan S. Classical Sociology. London, GB: SAGE Publications Ltd, 1999. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 12 July 2016.
