Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Checking Your Understanding page 5
- There are a variety of different ways that art can be around the world. Art can be in a book that is being read, the furniture that is being sit on, and in the video games that people play on a regular basis. Basically, art can be anything that a person sees, has seen, or might imagine like advertisements on TV, Internet, toys, fashion, cars, paintings, and movies.
- Perceive means to become aware through the senses of the special nature of objects. When a person uses their sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste to perceive an object, a person will better understand the object.
Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Checking Your Understanding page 9
- Knowledge, skills, and attitudes gained from the visual arts enhance a person’s life by increasing a person’s appreciation of the world around them. A world of art can inspire a person’s imagination and bring a person enjoyment and satisfaction. Therefore, it can deepen a person’s understanding of life.
- Creating works of art has a variety of different purposes. The first purpose is to express the artist’s thoughts and emotions. The second purpose is to experiment with different styles, emotions, materials, and tools. The third purpose is to just simply for the joy of creating art.
- There are a few ways that artists can get their ideas for their artwork. The first way is from their life surrounding and personal experiences. The second way is from their cultural heritage like music, historical events, other artworks, and literature. The third way is a feeling or idea that the artist wants to express.
Chapter 1 Review Building Vocabulary page 11
- Art that is valued solely for its visual appeal or its success in communicating ideas or feelings. – Fine art
- A carefully selected collection of artwork kept by students and professional artists. - Portfolio
- A person who uses imagination and skill to communicate ideas in visual form. – Artist
- Art that is made to be functional as well as visually pleasing. – Applied Art
- A visual statement that represents the world around you, communications an idea, expresses a feeling, or presents an interesting design. – Art
- Everything one sees, has seen, or may imagine. – Visual culture
Chapter 1 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 11
- Some of the main examples of visual culture include the Internet, advertisements, toys, fashion, movies, and cars along with paintings.
- Fine art is the art that is valued solely for its visual appeal or its success in communicating ideas or feelings. Some examples of fine art include paintings, photographs, and sculptures. Applied art is art that is made to be functional as well as visually pleasing. These objects will have a functional purpose and will reflect a thoughtful, artistic design. Some example of applied art are posters, buildings, clothing, and jewelry.
- Creating works of art has a variety of different purposes. The first purpose is to express the artist’s thoughts and emotions. The second purpose is to experiment with different styles, emotions, materials, and tools. The third purpose is to just simply for the joy of creating art.
- There is one main benefit of keeping a portfolio. The benefit is that allows the artist to see their growth.
- Themes are the subjects or topics that are depicted in artworks. There are five main themes that can be found in art. These themes include nature, animals, people, places, objects, events, stories, celebrations, and fantasy.
Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Check Your Understanding page 15
- Elements of art are the basic visual components that an artist uses to create visual art.
- The elements of art include color, line, form, space, value, shape, and texture.
- When a person is learning to read, a person learns one letter, one word, and then one sentence at a time. Learning the vocabulary of art happens the same way.
Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Check Your Understanding page 18
- There are five kinds of a line: horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curved, and zigzag. Horizontal lines are parallel to the horizon. Vertical lines move straight up and down. Diagonal lines slant in different directions. Curved lines change direction gradually. Zigzag lines are made by combining diagonal lines that move in different directions and at opposite angles.
- There are a variety of different tools and techniques that can be used to create different line qualities. The first tool is a crayon that can produce a slightly ragged line. The second tool is a paintbrush that is dipped in ink that can produce a line that narrows and trails off. The first technique is pressing down with a tool that creates a thicker and darker line. Using less pressure to create a thinner and lighter line.
- There are three main expressive potential of lines. The first one is length. These lines can be long or short. The second one is width. These lines can be thick or thin. The third one is texture. These lines can be rough or smooth.
Chapter 2 Lesson 3 Check Your Understanding page 21
- Hue is the name of a color.
- There are three main properties of color. The first property of color is hue. The second property is value. The third property is intensity.
- The complementary colors on the color wheel can be found on the opposite of each other.
Chapter 2 Lesson 5 Check Your Understanding page 27
- Like shapes, forms have heights and width and unlike shapes, form have a third dimension called depth.
- There are a few different techniques that artists can use to suggest space in two-dimensional art. The first technique is size. Size is when distant objects are made smaller than objects that are close up. The second technique is placement. Place is when distant objects are place higher up in the picture and closer ones are placed lower down. The third technique is detail. More detail is added to closer objects and less detail is added to those in the distance.
Chapter 2 Lesson 6 Check Your Understanding page 29
- Texture is the element of art that refers of how things feel, or look as though they might feel, if touched. There are two kinds of texture that are used in art. Visual texture is texture you experience with your eyes. Tactile texture is when you use your sense of touch to recognize the texture.
- Tactile texture can be used in a two-dimensional artwork by feeling of something that could be smooth, rough, bumpy, grainy, or brittle.
Chapter 2 Review Building Vocabulary page 33
- The element of art that refers to how things feel, or look as though they might feel, if touched. – texture
- A continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point. – line
- The basic visual components that an artist uses to create visual art. – elements of art
- The area clearly set off by one or more of the other six visual elements of art. – shape
- The unique character of a line. – line quality
- The element of art that is derived from reflected light. – color
- The distance or area between, around, above, below, and within things. – space
- The brightness or dullness of a hue. – intensity
- The name of a color. – hue
- The lightness or darkness of a hue. – value
- The element of art that refers to an object with three dimensions. – form
- The empty spaces between the shapes or forms in two and three dimensional art. – negative space
Chapter 2 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 33
- The emotions or feelings that can be suggested by horizontal lines are peace and stillness. The feeling that diagonal lines communicate to the viewer is excitement or tension in an image.
- The relationship between primary and secondary colors is that when you mix a primary color together with a secondary color, it overlaps the hues to capture all the colors of the spectrum.
- An artist can choose to use complementary colors when they want to create images that will catch the viewer’s eye quickly.
- There are two main types of space. The first type of space is a geometric space. A geometric space are precise, mathematical shapes. The second type of space is free-form or organic shapes. Free form shapes are not regular or even.
- There are a few different techniques that artists can use to suggest space in two-dimensional art. The first technique is size. Size is when distant objects are made smaller than objects that are close up. The second technique is placement. Place is when distant objects are place higher up in the picture and closer ones are placed lower down. The third technique is detail. More detail is added to closer objects and less detail is added to those in the distance.
Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Check Your Understanding page 39
- The principles of art are balance, proportion, variety, emphasis, movement, rhythm, pattern, and harmony.
- Balance is used effectively in Figure 3-2, by a sense of dignity that is expressed because the artist organized this painting of a prince and his wife using formal balance. In Figure 3-3, a small dark shape of a dog balances the calm shapes of the other two boys. In Figure 3-4, the objects in the painting come from a central point.
- Principle of proportion is how parts of a work relate to each other and to the whole.
Chapter 3 Lesson 3 Check Your Understanding page 43
- There are two techniques that can artist can use to add interest to their compositions. The first technique is variety. Variety is the principle of art concerned with difference or contrast. The second technique is emphasis. Emphasis is the principle of art concerned with making an element of art or an object in a work stand out.
- Variety is a contrast or difference is shapes, lines, and colors that is used to add interest to a work of art. Contrast is one way to create a focal point in a painting.
Chapter 3 Lesson 4 Check Your Understanding page 45
- Movement in art is the principle of art that leads the viewer to sense action in a work, also the path that the viewer’s eye follows through the work. Rhythm is the principle of art that indicates movement through the repetition of elements and objects.
- Artists can able to create a pattern in a work of art by using repetition.
Chapter 3 Lesson 5 Check Your Understanding page 47
- Artists are able to achieve harmony by the repetition of human forms.
- Unity is the arrangement of the elements and principles of art to create a feeling of completeness or wholeness.
- An understanding of unity is important to an understanding of art because it helps the artist to depict people and objects.
Chapter 3 Review Building Vocabulary
- The principle concerned with making an element of art or an object in a work stand out. – emphasis
- A two-dimensional, decorative visual repetition. – pattern
- The guidelines that govern the way artists organize the elements of art. – principles of art
- The principle of art concerned with arranging the elements so that no one part of the work overpowers, or seems heavier than, any other part. – balance
- The principle of art that indicates movement through the repetition of elements and objects. – rhythm
- The principle of art that leads the viewer to sense action in a work, also the path that the viewer’s eye follows through the work. – movement
- The principle of design where elements or art are combined to accent their similarities and bind the picture parts into a whole. – harmony
- The effect that occurs when the elements of art or objects in an artwork radiate or come out from a central point. – radial balance
- How parts of a work relate to each other and to the whole. – proportion
- The principle of art concerned with difference or contrast. – variety
- The arrangement of the elements and principles of art to create a feeling of completeness or wholeness. – unity
- The unit of repetition in a visual pattern. – motif
Chapter 3 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 51
- A hubcap was a symmetrical balance.
- The artist who created a sense of harmony by gluing orange cheese snacks to forms or humans in an artwork is Sandy Skoglund.
- Some ways of using proportion in an artwork is through elements like color or size.
- The principle might be used to organize a work of art that contains a motif is a pattern.
Chapter 4 Lesson 1 Check Your Understanding page 55
- The four drawing tools and the qualities of the marks they make are crayons, markers, pencils, and pens.
- There are four shading techniques: hatching, crosshatching, blending, and stippling. Hatching is drawing lines that run in the same direction. Crosshatching is drawing crisscrossing lines of varying quality. Blending is changing value so that it fades off or softens. Stippling is creating value by making a dot pattern.
Chapter 4 Lesson 3 Check Your Understanding page 59
- The three main ingredients of paint are pigment, binder, and solvent.
- Oil based paint has a solvent of turpentine or mineral spirit and water based paints has a solvent of water. There are two main different types of water-based paints: tempera and acrylic. Tempera is made of organic materials and is more opaque. Acrylic paint are plastic paint that are water soluble.
Chapter 4 Lesson 5 Check Your Understanding page 63
- Printmaking is transferring an image from an inked surface to another surface.
- The three tools in printmaking are printing plate, ink, and brayer.
- There are two main printmaking techniques: relief printing and screen printing. Relief printing is where the artist cuts away areas of a surface that are not meant to hold ink. Screen printing is the use of stencils and fabric screens.
Chapter 4 Lesson 6 Check Your Understanding page 65
- Three types of media used in sculpture are glass, plastic, and medal.
- The difference between sculpture in the round and relief sculpture is that the sculpture in the round is surrounded on all sides by space and relief sculpture has space only on one side.
- Four sculpting processes are carving, casting, modeling, and assembling. Carving is when the sculptor starts with a block of material and cuts or chips away pieces of the block. Casting is when the sculptor starts by making a mold and pours into it a melted down metal or other liquid that later hardens. Modeling is the process of building up and shaping a soft material to create sculpture. Assembling is the process of a variety of different materials are gathered and joined together to make a sculpture.
Chapter 4 Lesson 8 Check Your Understanding page 71
- There are three advantages of using digital media to create art. The first advantage is the ability to create many versions of an artwork. The second advantage is that there is no limit to the number of digital tools and effects on computer programs. The third advantage is that they promote the creative exploration of ideas.
- There is one main difference between paint and draw programs. The difference is that paint programs store images as bitmaps or individual square dots called pixels and draw programs store images as a series of lines and curves called vectors.
Chapter 4 Review Building Vocabulary page 73
- A finely ground powder that gives paint its color. – pigment
- Transferring an image from an inked surface to another surface. – printmaking
- A three-dimensional artwork consisting of many pieces assembled together. – assemblage
- A liquid that holds the grains of pigment together. – binder
- A type of sculpture that is surrounded on all sides by space. – sculpture in the round
- A printmaking technique in which the image to be printed is cut or scratched into the surface. – intaglio
- A material used to create a work of art. – art medium
- A three-dimensional work of art. – sculpture
- A liquid used to control the thickness or thinness of paint. – solvent
- A type of sculpture where forms extend into space on one side only. – relief sculpture
Chapter 4 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 73
- Three ways in which artists use the art of drawing are pencils, paints, and wood.
- There are four shading techniques: hatching, crosshatching, blending, and stippling. Hatching is drawing lines that run in the same direction. Crosshatching is drawing crisscrossing lines of varying quality. Blending is changing value so that it fades off or softens. Stippling is creating value by making a dot pattern.
- The binder is oil paint is linseed oil. One advantage of using oil paint is that it dries slowly.
- Water-soluble paint is acrylic paint
- The use of space in sculpting differ from its use in other areas of art because it is three dimensional.
- There is one main difference between paint and draw programs. The difference is that paint programs store images as bitmaps or individual square dots called pixels and draw programs store images as a series of lines and curves called vectors.
Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Check Your Understanding page 77
- Aesthetics is the study of the nature of beauty and art.
- There are three commonly held aesthetic views: subject, composition, and content. Subject view is an image in an artwork that viewers can easily identify. Composition view is the way the principles of art are used to organize the elements of art. Content view is the message, idea, or feeling expressed by a work of art.
Chapter 5 Lesson 2 Check Your Understanding page 81
- There are four steps of art criticism. The first step is description, which is what a person sees when they see artwork. The work’s subject is the focus of this step. In this step, you gather information about the subject of the artwork and objectively list only the things that you see. The second step is analysis. In analyzing a work of art, a person looks at how well the artwork is organized. The work’s composition is the focus of this step. In this step, you identify and describe the elements of art, including dominant colors and shapes. The third step is interpretation. During this step, the critic focuses on the content of the work. In this step, identify and describe how the elements and principles of art are used to communicate feelings, ideas, and meanings. The fourth step is judgment. In this step, the critic figures how if the artwork was successful by looking at the other three steps.
- There is one main differences between critiquing objective and nonobjective artworks. The difference is that the nonobjective art has no readily identifiable subjects or objects.
Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Check Your Understanding page 85
- The steps of art criticism include description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment. Description is about who created the work and when and where it was created. When examining the work, the artist’s signature and date of the artwork might be written on the lower right hand corner. Analysis is where the artist’s style is demonstrated. Interpretation is the impact of time and place on the style and subject matter of the work. The last step is about the historical importance of an artwork.
- The style in visual arts is an artist’s personal way of using the elements and principles of art to create artworks.
Chapter 5 Review Building Vocabulary page 89
- The message, idea, or feeling expressed by a work of art. – content
- A person whose job is to study, understand, and judge works of art. – art critic
- Art that has no readily identifiable subjects or objects. – nonobjective art
- An image in an artwork that viewers can be easily identify. – subject
- The way the principles of art are used to organize the elements of art. – composition
- The study of the nature of beauty and art. – aesthetics
- A listing of important facts about an artwork. – credit line
- An idea or school of thought on what is most important in a work of art. – aesthetic view
- An artist’s personal way of using the elements and principles of art to create artworks. – style
- Someone who studies art in terms of the era and culture in which the art was created. – art historian
- A public showing of an artwork or a collection of artworks. - exhibition
- An art movement begun in the late 1800s whose artists painted glimpses of everyday life. – impressionism
Chapter 5 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 89
- The difference between subject view and content view is the subject view is an image that a person can easily recognize and content view is a feeling that is expressed through the work of art.
- The steps of art criticism include description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment. Description is about who created the work and when and where it was created. When examining the work, the artist’s signature and date of the artwork might be written on the lower right hand corner. Analysis is where the artist’s style is demonstrated. Interpretation is the impact of time and place on the style and subject matter of the work. The last step is about the historical importance of an artwork.
- The style and subject matter of the work is examined when the art historian is interpreting a work of art.
- During the examination of a nonobjective artwork, the elements of the art is identified during the description process.
Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Check Your Understanding page 95
- The Egyptian artistic rule of depicting the human figure is that every part of the body be shown from a familiar angle.
- The role of meditation in Chinese culture and its influence on artists is that it was a devotional exercise in which a person concentrated on an idea or object in order to fully experience its beauty. The emphasis on meditation led artists to seek out quiet place where they could be along with their thoughts to create their artworks.
- The art of ancient Egypt was mostly artworks for palaces, temples, and tombs. The art of ancient Greece helped to influence the act of important people being put on money. The art of China was scroll painting where they painted pictures on fans, pages of books, and scrolls. The art of India is based on their love of animals and the forces of nature.
Chapter 6 Lesson 3 Check Your Understanding page 99
- The middle Ages is a period of chaos the followed Rome’s demise in Western Europe that lasted for about thousand years.
- During the Renaissance, the significant change occurred in art was that trade and knowledge spread, discoveries were made in science, and a renewed interest in literature and art developed.
Chapter 6 Lesson 4 Check Your Understanding page 101
- There were three different art styles of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The seventeenth century style was the Baroque. Baroque is an art style emphasizing dramatic lighting, movement, and emotional intensity. The eighteenth century style was the Rococo. Rococo is an art style that was marked by delicate colors and graceful movement. The nineteenth century style was Impressionism. Impressionism is short, fast brushstrokes of different colors that were place next to each other to create a blur effect from the distance.
- The art of the seventeenth century is where artists would portray religious subjects showing both realism and emotion. It resulted in paintings, sculptures, and buildings with great emotional impact. The art of the eighteenth century reflected a very luxurious way of life. The art of the nineteenth century is where artist begin to paint outdoors so there was effects of sunlight on everyday subjects.
Chapter 6 Lesson 5 Check Your Understanding page 103
- Abstract Expressionist hope to show their feelings and emotions in their artworks.
- The historical or social events that prompted the start of the Earth Art movement is the use of new and inventive media.
Chapter 6 Review Building Vocabulary page 109
- An art style emphasizing dramatic lighting, movement, and emotional intensity. – Baroque
- The symbols or pictures of the ancient Egyptian writing system. – hieroglyphics
- An art style in which artists freely apply paint to canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions rather than realistic subject matter. – Abstract Expressionism
- An art style marked by delicate colors and graceful movement. – Rococo
- Period of rebirth. – Renaissance
- The process of reusing an artwork in a way that is different from its original intent. – appropriation
- A trend formed when a group of artists with similar art styles band together. – art movement
Chapter 6 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 109
- The Egyptian artistic rule of depicting the human figure is that every part of the body be shown from a familiar angle.
- The religious beliefs that guided the art of the Indus River valley was based on Hinduism.
- The art of the seventeenth century is where artists would portray religious subjects showing both realism and emotion. It resulted in paintings, sculptures, and buildings with great emotional impact. The art of the eighteenth century reflected a very luxurious way of life. The art of the nineteenth century is where artist begin to paint outdoors so there was effects of sunlight on everyday subjects.
- The methods that Renaissance painters use to achieve realism in their works by using perspective.
- The seventeenth century style was the Baroque. Baroque is an art style emphasizing dramatic lighting, movement, and emotional intensity. The eighteenth century style was the Rococo. Rococo is an art style that was marked by delicate colors and graceful movement.
Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Check Your Understanding page 113
- Landscape painting is a two-dimensional work of art depicting a scene of mountains, forests, rivers, or other natural scenery.
- Some ways artists express moods or feelings through landscapes by contrasting hues and values that helps to define shapes.
Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Check Your Understanding page 115
- The purpose of nature studies is to help artists sharpen their perception of natural objects.
- The point of view of Figure 7-4 and Figure 7-5 is ground level.
Chapter 7 Lesson 4 Check Your Understanding page 119
- The colors that you associate with autumn is green, yellow, orange, and red. Winter is associated with black. Some images of the seasons that artists might depict to express the feelings and moods associated with those seasons are changing leaves in autumn and winter’s icy chill.
- Figure 7-8 is a view of a mountainside glowing with bright colored trees surround houses and border a lake in this mountain landscape. Figure 7-9 is a freezing attack of a snowstorm with leafless trees. Another artwork that shows seasons is Autumn by Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Artists can show the same theme by using different media and styles by sharing their perceptions and feelings about the seasons.
Chapter 7 Lesson 6 Check Your Understanding page 123
- Benton and Hokusal showed the same them by using different media and styles by using men figures that are powerless before the force of nature.
- The process of creating a monotype is applying ink or paint to a plate and then transferring the time of hand-rubbing.
Chapter 7 Review Building Vocabulary page 127
- A two-dimensional work of art depicting a scene of mountains, forests, rivers, or other natural scenery. – landscape painting
- Simplified or exaggerated. – Stylized
- The angle from which the viewer sees the scene in an artwork. – point of view
- A drawing used to help artists sharpen their perception of natural objects. – nature study
- Having a recognizable subject that is shown in an unrealistic manner. – Abstract
- A print made by applying ink or paint to a plate and then transferring the image of hand-rubbing. – monotype
Chapter 7 Review Reviewing Art Facts page 127
- Artists stylize their works of art because it allows them to portray nature in a unique, personal way.
- The type of paintings and drawings that scientists as well as artists used were nature.
- The artist who created close-up views of flowers that filled the canvas was Georgia O’Keeffe.
- The season used in 7-8 is autumn. The artist was able to convey this time of year by using a mountainside glowing with bright fall colors. The trees were green, yellow, orange, and red hues surround houses and border a lake.
- The two artists that were known for their woodblock prints and featured in this chapter were Thomas Hart Benton and Katsushika Hokusai.
References:
Mittler, Gene. (2007). Introducing Art. McGraw-Hill: New York, New York.
