POLITICAL HISTORY
What is the relationship between country size and trade and will existence of many small countries promote or inhibit trade?
Country size is a highly relevant factor as far as trade is concerned. A large country will entail more internal trade. Presence of many small countries will promote external trade as the small countries will seek goods they do not produce (Palmer, p.134). The existence of countries in large units will promote both internal and external trade as these countries will be able to produce a wider variety of goods for example North American countries.
Definitions of communism socialism and capitalism
Communism is a socialist movement based on the firm belief that ownership of property and wealth should be equally distributed among all the people (Mayer, p.38). Its chief objectives include the creation of a classless and stateless social stricture with the elimination of money from all aspects of this new society and an aspect of a common ownership of all means of production. The concept of communism can be traced as far back as to German philosopher Karl Marx who explained communism in terms of the hunter gatherer theory. Socialism is the concept of an economic system whose chief aspects include social ownership of all the means involved in production and cooperation in the management of the economy (Fleming, p.73). The concept has its roots deeply earthed in the 18th century when an intellectual class made criticism of the current lifestyle system and sought to create a better system in order to raise their living standards. Capitalism is an economic concept based primarily on private ownership of all existing capital goods and all the means of production and the main aim of production of services as well as good is generation of profit (Wright, p.68). The term as well as the concept of capitalism can be traced back to Karl Marx who explained the concept in some of his works.
Identify aristocracy, bourgeoisie and proletariat. To what extent do they constitute a new industrial hierarchy?
Bourgeoisie refers to members of the wealthy middle class while proletariat refers to the class of industrial wage earners who earn their living by selling their labor while aristocracy is a form of government where members of the highest social class hold all the political power (Ashton, p.96). These classes portray the industrial hierarchy where we have the industry owners as the aristocracy, high ranking employees represented by the Bourgeoise and low level manual laborers known as the proletariat.
How much did England’s population increase between 1750 and 1851 and what caused this increase?
England’s population increased by 11.5 million between 1750 and1851 (Ashton, p.113).this increase was brought about by the agrarian revolution as this brought about a great reduction in the infant mortality rate and created better living conditions for citizens.
How can standardize education be used to promote nationalism?
Standardized education is a system of education tailor made for a particular area and it can be used to promote nationalism by incorporation of nationalistic ideologies in the education system (Tocqueville, p.234). Standardized education is structured in such a way that it can appeal to and benefit a wide range of people from different backgrounds
What is the traditional relationship between the state and industry?
The state licenses industry and ensures the maintenance of an ample environment for the activities of industry. It also collets revenue from industries and ensures that industrial workers work in a humane environment.
Why Robert Owen and friedrichEngels were considered two of the most famous socialists in history?
In 1843 Robert Owen was a business man in new Lanark Scotland who owned huge cotton mills. Unlike most business owners he sought to improve not only the working conditions but also to improve the living standards of all his employers. His revolutionary ideologies garnered a great deal of admiration from Fredrick Engels who sought to emulate his traits. Owen’s main objective was to demonstrate to the larger society that I was indeed possible to make dividends without exploitation of workers and their subjugation to inhuman working conditions (Sweezy, p.318). He employed a socialist system in which all his workers benefited handsomely from their jobs in comparison with meager earnings of other workers in other places.
How did England’sCorn Laws increase tension between the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie?
Corn Laws increased tension between the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie as members of the middle class were opposed to an increase in price of grains by the landlords (Deane, p.122). This shows that the aristocracy held all the political power and could influence the prices of basic commodities.
Five leading industrial countries by 1900 were Britain, Germany, France, Belgium and the USA (Deane, p. 204). They rose primarily because of agriculture, industry and farming.
What do the Corn Lawsreveal about politics and class tension?
The Corn Laws serve as testimony that the wealthiest class not only holds the financial power but also the political power and that the ruling class intends to get richer at the expense of the lower classes (Deane, p.126). It also serves as testimony that the middle class is quite powerful and very vocal as well
How did the industrial revolution affect working class women?
The industrial revolution caused traditional family roles to reverse and working class women had to take up the familial role of men who were out working in industries (Ashton, p.148). Working class women had to act as the he’s of their families in the absence of their husbands.
The international and the Marseillaise how is one nationalist and the other internationalist?
The Internationale is mainly a left wing anthem and very popular with the socialist movement dating as far back as the late 19th century (Dutt, p.18). The Marseillaise is the French national anthem and was a composition of Claude Joseph Rouget de lisle in 1972.la Marseillaise is mainly nationalist as it entails details of the French republic and is a symbol of national unity. The international is internationalist because it appeals to the general situation of the entire globe and has a more universal outlook. It is socialist because it preaches socialism.
Who were the chartists in England?
Chartism was a working class movement aiming at political reform in England (Ashton, p.148). They were socialists in demand for better working conditions and an end to the oppression and exploitation they received at the work place.
How was oil used as a weapon during the yornKippur war?
The yornkippur war was a war fought by a coalition of Arab states key among which was Syria and Egypt against Israel in the period between October 6 and 25, 1973 (Ziegler, Aharon, p.18).oil was used as a weapon a Arab countries used it as a means of blackmail by hiking oil prices to get their demands met.
What is the impact of mass communication on politics?
Mass communication has enabled aspiring politicians to sell their policies to a greater number of people and also makes the people more knowledgeable of the political ongoing (Tocqueville, p.208). Mass communication can however be used by politicians to spread propaganda and mobilize the masses for unlawful acts.
Is Marxism a liberal idea or not?
Marxism is an ideology based on materialism and is significance in class relation and general conflict emerging within society (Eagleton, p.68).it spreads the gospel of each person living according to their abilities and each person living according to their needs. Marxism is not liberal as Marxism opposes certain key aspects of liberalism such as free trade and low exchange values.
What are trade unions and how did governments initially respond to them?
Trade unions are organizations that lobby for better working terms and conditions for their members (Deane, p.218). Most governments were initially opposed to the idea of trade unions but social pressure made them change their stand.
What were the California water wars?
The California water wars were a series of conflicts between LosAngeles based farmers and environmentalists. An aqueduct was constructed to divert water out of the Owens valley thus making agriculture difficult and this led to conflict (Simon, Ted, p.32).
What is the Arab spring?
The Arab spring is a term used to allude to the revolutionary wave of protests and large scale demonstrations and civil wars in the Arab world (Prashad, p.28). This revolutionary wave began on 18th December 2010 and is still ongoing in some places such as Egypt and Syria. When it first started the key stakeholders were liberalists who were demanding more rights and freedoms but with the situation quickly escalating into a civil war it is the traditional nationalists who are currently in the forefront of the struggle.
Should large scale infrastructure be publicly or privately owned?
Large-scale infrastructure should be privately owned as this increased accountability. Large-scale infrastructure should be publicly owned as this gives the people an opportunity to own a material part of their country.
What is social democracy?
Social democracy is a politically driven ideology that on inception had its goals set on establishing democratic socialism through a wave of reforms. In recent times, social democracy is more affiliated with collective bargaining and universal warfare states and is more inclined towards a capitalist economy (Schumpter, p.118). Its roots can be traced as far back as the 1860s in a number of European countries chiefly Germany when argument broke out over the role of the state in socialism.
Should the government regulate energy emissions?
The government should regulate energy emissions in order to curb environmental pollution from such emissions (Nakaya, Andrea, p.104). This does not make me a socialist but a mere environmentalist. Such regulations however limit the amount of energy produced and hinder optimum industrial growth.
The industrial revolution promoted the rise of liberal democracy in England as the working class became more aware of their rights and began to express themselves (Ashton, p.302)
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