Goal-Setting Motivation Theory
Goal-setting theory is a motivation theory that assumes behavior is motivated by internal intentions, objectives or goals. It predicts that individuals will put effort toward achieving their goals, and that job performance is a function of the set goals. According to this theory, there are 2 cognitive determinants of behavior which are values and goals (intentions). A goal can be simply defined as something an individual consciously tries to do. Usually, an individual’s values develop a desire to perform things that are consistent with them. On the other hand, goals direct attention and action. Goals that are challenging mobilize energy and lead to a higher and persistent effort. As such, goals motivate people to develop strategies that assist them in performing at the required goal levels. The accomplishment of such goals leads to satisfaction and furthers motivation. The five goal-setting principles are clarity, challenge, commitment, feedback, and task complexity.
Goal setting is a strong method for motivating employees. The willingness to work toward the accomplishment of a goal provides a significant source of motivation. This is because one has targets to achieve, and their achievement brings with it a sense of success or accomplishment. When goals are challenging, people get a feeling of triumph and pride on achieving them. This sets them up for the achievement of the next goal. At the same time, feedback leads to increased involvement in the organization’s decision making. This is because it provides an employee with the opportunity to gain status, make clarifications and control goal difficulties. This participation is quite motivating because it makes organizational members feel valued and appreciated. Goal-setting also increases an individual’s self-confidence, which in turn increases his or her self-efficiency. When self-efficiency is high, it means that an individual will put greater effort in tackling challenging tasks. Therefore, the goal-setting theory would be very applicable in motivating the workforce.
