Literature Review
Multiple research findings have shown that the risk of ischemic diseases increase with age, occur more frequently in men than women, and amongst black than white individuals. A 2001 study by Wayne et al. (2001) reported that more men than women die from coronary heart diseases, findings corroborated by Kanaya, Grady and Barret-Connor (2002). Coronary heart disease presents itself up to ten years earlier in men than women (Ryotaro and Minoru 2012). Another study showed that recurrent hospitalized myocardial infarction rate fell by 2.1% among women compared to 1.9% in men (Rosamond, Aaron, Chambless and Wang 2001). Aging is associated with increasing risk for ischemic diseases in all genders and races, which is due to diabetes mellitus among other factors associated with old age(John, Rachel and Rosanna 2012; Ryotaro and Minoru 2012). In a study on heart disease trends in four US communities where participants’’ ages ranged between 34-74 years, Rosamond et al. (2001) found that the risk for the disease increased with increasing age. While generally men are at a higher risk for ischemic heart conditions, black men and women were found to have higher incidences of coronary heart disease than their white counterparts, findings which are linked to the excess burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors (Safford et al. 2012), which were found to increase the risk of cardiovascular heart disease among diabetic patients lacking a CHD history, as well as non-diabetics who had history of myocardial infarction events (Kanaya et al. 2002). Using a longitudinal approach on White Caucasians and South Asians, Patel et al. (2008) corroborated previous research findings that non-white persons were at a higher risk of ischemic heart infections, besides establishing that diabetes increased the risk for cardiovascular disease among person of all ages and genders.
Works Cited
John, Beltrame, F., Rachel Dreyer, and Rosanna Tavella. Epidemiology of Coronary Artery
Disease. Intechopen, 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.
Kanaya, Alka, M., Grady Deborah, and Barret-Connor Elizabeth. Explaining the Sex Difference
In Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Arch. International Medicine, 162 (2002): 1737-1735.
Patel, J, V. Ethnic Differences in Myocardial Infarctions in Patients with Hypertension: Effects
of Diabetes Mellitus. Q Journal of Medicine, 101, (2008): 231-236.
Rosamond, Wayne, D., Aaron, Folsom, R., Chambless, Lloyd, D. and Wang, Chin-hua.
Coronary Heart Disease Trends in Four United States Communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study 1987-1996. International Journal of Epidemiology, 302 (2001): 17-22.
Ryotaro, Wake, and Minoru, Y. Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease. Intechopen,
2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.
Safford, Monika, M. et al. Association of Race and Sex with Risk of Incident Acute Coronary
Heart Disease Events. Journal of American Medical Association, 308.17 (2012): 1768-1774.
