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Turkey is the first secular state of the Muslim world, has put the problem of state- radical transformation of the political system on the principles of Europeanization of political democracy and a market economy. This country has shown that people centuries adherent of the Islamic religion and culture, able in one form or another to perceive and develop self these institutions, values and attitudes to achieve significant progress in the economic, social and political development. In this context, Turkey has a very complex, convoluted and difficult journey, which began in the first half of the XIX century in the period of the so-called Tanzimat, was marked by a whole set of reforms designed to transform the Ottoman Empire in the direction of modernization and Europeanization. But no matter how important, difficult and tortuous path of transformation was not passed by the Ottoman Empire in the XIX century, Turkey as a national secular state in the literal sense of the word is the brainchild of the XX century, which many Eastern countries and peoples is the century of modernization and westernization.
It was during the XX century were developed and implemented by the social, economic, cultural and political reforms, during which the theocratic Islamic multinational Ottoman Empire was transformed first into the Turkish secular nation-state, and then the second half of the century in a democratic political system type. In the same century have been developed and widely popular ideas of Kemalism, the Turkish version of secularism, Turkish nationalism or Turkism, etc., amounting ideological foundation of the new Turkish state. Interest is the fact that the peak of this transformation falls on 80th -90th years, when a number of Asian countries with authoritarian regimes moved to a market economy and political democracy. Among Muslim countries first got this way Turkey. And now it remains one of the few Muslim countries that are committed to a radical change in the foundations of statehood on the principles of political democracy and the rule of law.
Obviously, this is a topic in itself becomes of great interest to researchers concerned with historical trends and benchmarks of development and transformation of the latest trends in the countries and peoples, which for a long time as if in a state of lethargy. Additional study of the validity and relevance of Turkey gives the fact that this is the first Muslim country that has set as its goal not only modernization and Europeanization, and achieving this goal on ways of building a secular democratic state and market economy, the creation of a special Turkish model of democracy. It is therefore evident that the inclusion of Turkish experience can be very useful for many Muslim countries seeking economic and political integration in the new globalized world as active subjects of the world economy and a multipolar world order. The importance of this experience shows in particular the fact that a number of post-Soviet Muslim countries declare its intention to build on the Turkish model of state-political system.
Turkey's path to democracy, which began in the mid-20th century with the transition to a multiparty system, continued, despite the case during this stagnation. For more than half a century of the importance given to democracy and elections, strengthened in the minds of awareness of the need democracy.
Aimed at ensuring compliance with EU laws packages issued the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in the period 2002-2004, showed a strong attitude of Turkey to lift its democracy to the level of Western countries.
Democracy can only be made by visiting the community and, first of all, in forming its desires and aspirations of individuals to a democratic system. Thereafter, under the influence of internal and external driving forces of society's potential is activated and begins the transformation towards a democracy. Existing in our globalizing world, democracy is taken as a basis not a homogeneous society, which takes decisions on issues of governance and fundamental rights of citizens, and offers a heterogeneous society that is open to many cultures. Through this transformation, in government, in contrast to past times attended by people with different views of different religious and ethnic groups. As with any change in the democratization process, regardless of what country it passes, the layers that lose privileges and power, their Enron democracy to oppose its establishment and try to stop or slow down this process.
Experience in many countries, which to date has reached the level of democracy, as well as encountered on their way to their problems and found solutions fostered unity universal democratic norms. Despite the fact that this or that country, there are some differences, all states that have entered into the process of democratization in general are experiencing similar steps.
As a result of past experience came the idea of democracy in Turkey, but failed to take root in the minds and develop. Formation and development of democracy in Turkey is possible by reflecting existing universal democratic norms in the Turkish legal system and their subsequent adoption and implementation in life. In this regard, a reflection of universal values and norms of the constitution, laws and public acts was an important initiative to determine the plane of state - society - individual, as well as for the establishment and development of democracy.
The best indicator of the presence of democracy in the country is the transformation in people's minds, which is noticeable in comparison with previous periods of existence of society. Only a reflection of the universal legal and democratic norms in the legal system has not yet been said about the development of democracy in the country. The problem that at this stage of its democracy faced Turkey, is that the universal legal and democratic norms were not fully reflected in our legal system, and the rules that have been introduced into the legal system did not lead to a transformation in the minds of humans. In the absence of this, as if we do not strongly affirm our commitment to universal democratic norms, in practice, due to different interpretations of the observed discrepancies. Because of this, despite the fact that in matters of internal policy of Turkey is referring to the universal norms, given that they were not fully accepted and internalized, the same rules may become the cause of various political moves.
Turkey is going through the same thing that other states are on the path of democracy, it also has layers that want to stop / slow down the process of formation and development of democratization. It is these groups that do not want the establishment and development of democracy in Turkey, the biggest obstacle on the path of transformation in people's minds and reflect universal norms in the legal system, which, as mentioned above, are needed in the process of democratization.
Democratization experience of other countries shows that the groups who have a certain status quo, oppose the establishment of democracy. In particular, the experience of countries in Southern Europe demonstrates that one of the most common ways to prevent the establishment of democracy is a military coup. Along with this, the bureaucrats who are satisfied with the status quo, tend to slow down the process of transformation, and sometimes not even hesitate when necessary to cooperate in this regard with criminal organizations and gangs. Thus, as shown in this matter the experience of Italy, groups opposed to democracy, work together with organizations such as "Gladio" illegal formations and create, in order not to lose as a result of the democratization of their privileges, are trying to stop / slow down the process of transition to democracy. Military coups perpetrated such warring factions through the atmosphere of lawlessness and chaos strengthens anti-democratic sentiments, thereby slowing the aforementioned transformation in people's minds. As a result, people who witness all the above, weakens faith in democracy, and still undecided on this issue tend to citizens undemocratic ways.
Relationship politician - bureaucrat - gang, appeared in Turkey especially in the 1990s, over the past quarter century has slowed the process of democracy in our country. Especially in the middle of the 90th increase in the number of unsolved murders and military intervention in politics officials showed the weakness of government bodies and politicians. Recently begun trials are investigating and prosecuting military coups groups who are trying to prevent the democratization of state institutions. For the establishment and development of democracy in our country is extremely important to identify the presence of organizations such as the Turkish organization "Gladio" in Italy, and, if available, to expose them. Due to the fact that the disclosure of the above links politician - bureaucrat - gang detection coup plans, if any, exposure of dark deeds to weaken groups opposed to democracy in Turkey, it will accelerate the process of transformation in people's minds. Termination of the activities of these groups oppose democracy will make possible the emergence of Turkey more democratic institutions and society as a whole, as well as allow the idea of democracy a foothold in the minds of people.
Will be useful to consider the events taking place today in Turkey, in the light of the world thought. To date, every person who wants Turkey to establish and develop democracy, must not only verbally defend universal rights and democratic norms, and to reflect their own behavior and actions, thereby demonstrating the consistency between word and deed.
Sources
Jenna Krajeski. "Turkey: Soap Operas and Politics". Pulitzer Center. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
Turkish Directorate General of Press and Information (24 August 2004). "Political Structure of Turkey". Turkish Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2006.
