Free Essay On Short Answers

1, c) It implies that lie detectors should carefully analyze someone before they conclude whether they are lying or not. There should be more than one clue that they use to make a conclusion. The facial expressions should get confirmed by the voice, words or body movements. The ability to detect a lie depends on the skill of a liar and that of the detector. The person is likely to lie without any detection if they had prepared a good response in advance or if they are of a different nationality from the lie detector. It is also easy to lie to a person one has lied to before without any detection. Lie detection is possible if the detector is careful and thorough in their evaluation. Someone may show clues that would normally get interpreted as signs of lying, but they may not be lying. For instance, a person who has undergone facial surgery may smile without using any muscles around their eyes something considered a sign of deception. It is, therefore, important for a lie detector to look for other clues to confirm a person’s deceit.
(2, c) Changes in voice, facial expressions, use of words and body movements are some of the clues that someone is lying. There are some body clues that can help a lie detector determine whether someone is lying. Hesitation in answering questions is one of the clues. When you ask someone a question like, “Who were you talking to on the phone?” Such a question does not require someone to think about the answer, and any hesitation while answering or having to look away would be a sign of deception. There are clues that a person is lying. They include facial expressions like a smile that does not use any muscles around the eyes or look of sadness not expressed in the forehead or even a lengthy expression that lasts five to ten seconds. The change of tone in a person’s voice can also be a sign of deception. According to Ekman, a higher tone than usual, especially for inexperienced liars indicates fear and is also a tell that the person is lying.
(3, b) Ethics is like a person’s moral principles that influence the decisions made in that person’s life. When in a position of power, the decisions one makes are not about what is right for themselves, but what is right for the people he or she represents. In this case, one may have to make decisions that are contrary to their moral beliefs, but are the best for the people. It is impossible to plainly state that someone should always speak the truth especially in such a position. That is because the welfare of others is more important than the individual’s moral principles. The most appropriate ethical position for such a person would be ‘situationism’. It is where one acknowledges that moral rules cannot apply across all situations and that it is important to evaluate the situation in order to reach the appropriate moral evaluation. It especially applies to people who make decisions that affect other people’s well-being.
(4, b) Sometimes the questions asked have more than one true answer. The selection of the answer that one will give depends on the situation. Sometimes, it is better not to give the complete truth maybe for the benefit of the person you are answering, and this is not considered to be lying. For instance, when asked by a child a question whose complete, true answer may not be appropriate for their age, one may have to tell just the right amount of truth. A question like ‘What is sex?’ by a five-year-old deserves just the right amount of truth appropriate for that child. One may answer such a question by saying sex is gender that distinguishes whether someone is male or female. The answer would not be a lie, but the right truth because telling the right truth is better than the complete truth in this case.
(5) According to Nyberg, it is possible to tell the right truth, the whole truth or no truth at all. What someone chooses to tell depends on the situation they find themselves. In a game of poker, it is all about whether someone can predict other players’ moves even before they make them. In such a case, a player may give body clues to misdirect other players that according to him or her is the right truth for that situation. According to Ekman, it is possible to determine someone is lying by their facial expression, body movements or the tone of their voice. When playing poker, a person who knows what body clues to look for in other players will play a better game than one who does not. On the other hand, communicative competency is a concept founded by Hayano. It is a person’s ability to manage their facial expressions, body and limb movements so as to prevent leakage of clues, distorting channels of communication and being able to decode and read others. In a poker game, these abilities distinguish a pro and an amateur player.