Discussion 1: Public Speaking
I definitely agree with the statement: Knowing the background, interests, and expectations of your audience significantly increases the effectiveness of your speech. All this information will help to find the right approach, to make the speech interesting exactly for these people. It is important to use the references, which will be familiar to audience. Sometimes it might be a good idea to use jokes to lighten up the atmosphere. But if the audience doesn’t appreciate your sense of humor or they will be somehow offended by it then it will just make the matters worse. You should absolutely take into consideration their lifestyle and everyday problems for them to feel involved in the topic.
How old are they?
You should evaluate the average age of the audience and also take into consideration if age difference among people is great. Note if there are children among the audience. In that case it is especially important not to say anything inappropriate.
What is the gender of the audience?
Are they mostly male or female or it is a mixed audience?
What is their social and cultural media?
It is very important to evaluate this factor. First of all your language and accent might not be understandable for the audience. Then it is extremely important not to harm their feelings, not to offend their national heritage and religion.
Discussion 2: Public Speaking
First of all you should explain who you are talking about. “Teens” is just too wide and vague. It is necessary to define age. If it is high school you are not talking about those who are 13 or 14 years old. Also they do not vote except, probably, for the school president. Then it is important to make a point that you are talking about your country and your city or town. Probably teenagers of other societies do care. Audience by all means should understand that you are talking about them and their behavior.
Secondly it is necessary for audience to understand the subject of careless behavior. Actually for teens it is not obligatory to care about difficult mathematical hypothesis or some small differences between species that became extinct long ago, for example. You should point out in your speech things that are really important for teenagers, like their future.
And in conclusion it is important to explain, what it was all actually about. You have stated the problem and then you should point out the solutions. It is important not to hint at something but explain it clearly and right away.
Discussion 3: Public Speaking
Nowadays we cannot imagine our life without using Internet to look for the information needed. Although there are some things that should be considered when evaluating material from the Internet.
It is necessary to consider if the information seems valid, true to fact and is detailed enough. Some websites are just suspicious; it seems that the author is unprofessional and even illiterate. Another important thing is a source of information; it should be reliable; citations are also necessary.
Discussion 4: Public Speaking
There are two types of outline methods used in public speaking: preparation and speaking outlines (1). They are quite different. For some people the first method is more suitable, others prefer the second one.
Preparation outline consists of full sentences. Surely it is not a whole draft, but the main ideas are written there. Speaking outline includes just some notes and words constructions that will help person to remember the speech. If a person has done a preparation outline he or she in case of nervousness can read one or two sentences from there and then continue to speak freely. It is good for those who are not sure of themselves. But then the speaker has a temptation to just read everything that is written in the outline. Also reading is never a good thing for making a speech. More than that you might need a big piece of paper or even multiple pieces for that, which will be inconvenient.
For a speaking outline vice versa a person will need just a small piece of paper to write just some words. A speaker won’t be able to read; he or she will have to speak freely. Although a person should have a better memory and to be a quick thinker to remember all necessary information in a matter of seconds. Such kind of speaker will look better and more confident.
As for me, I prefer using speaking outline. It helps to develop the skill of impromptu speeches and quick reaction.
Discussion 1: Chemistry
Arsenic toxicity is greatly depends on its form. Toxicity of different arsenic compounds varies greatly. Based on its position in periodic table (the fifth group) it can take different forms: As-3, As+3, As+5. The first one, with the most pronounced oxidizing properties, is the most toxic. The last one is the least toxic. Some organic compounds of arsenic are almost non-toxic. Besides hair, arsenic can accumulate in nails (used in forensic field), bones, teeth, spleen and lungs.
If arsenic poisoning is suspected, then it is important to conduct analysis as soon as possible to confirm the fact and start treatment immediately. So it is very important for nurse to know what tissue samples should be analyzed. Arsenic poisoning can cause cancer, nervous diseases, weakness, psychosis, anemia, hemoglobin drop, malfunction of liver and kidneys. It can interact with some enzymes in human body. Arsenic poisoning can be treated by special group of drugs.
Discussion 2: Chemistry
Tire pressure became low because of temperature drop which has happened overnight. It increased molecules’ velocity and as a result the force on the walls of a tire. However volume of tire and number of moles of gas has not changed as the tire is sealed. Air is unable to leave the tire as there are no holes in it. For the same reason the volume is constant.
Filling a tire with additional air at the gas station has increased number of moles of gas. So the value in the right part of ideal gas equation (PV = nRT) has increased. It means that the value in the left part has increased as well. As the volume has not changed then the pressure has increased.
Discussion 3: Chemistry
Chemistry and chemical reactions play an important role in nursing. Most of the analyses in medicine are based on chemical reactions. The operation of the most of medical analyzing devices is also based on the interactions between substances. Moreover it is important to know about toxicity of many substances. Many analyses are based on colored reactions. An appearance of unusual color during the reaction helps to define the presence of toxic substances in blood or urine. It is qualitative analyses. Quantitative analyses have even wider use in medicines. It is important to measure the volume of proteins, hormones and other substances in blood and other body liquids. For example, mass spectrometry, liquid and gas chromatography are widely used for medical purposes.
Discussion 4: Chemistry
Water and oil do not mix. The reason for that fact is that water molecule is a polar one and oil molecule is a non-polar one. So it is impossible for them to form a bond. Most of chemical bonds are more or less polar. Covalent bonds are usually less polar and ionic bonds are more polar.
After pouring salt in the water it dissolves. In the dissolution process the distribution of molecules of one substance (salt) between molecules of another substance (water) takes place. But there is also chemical interaction between molecules of solvent (water) and salt. When pouring salt (NaCl) into water we can feel a temperature drop. It means that it is an endothermic reaction – the heat is being absorbed. Although during some other dissolution reactions (for other salts) there might be temperature increase (exothermic reaction). After dissolution we have homogenous mix. During dissolution process crystals are being broken up into ions. Then the hydration takes place. So dissolution is both physical and chemical process (2). Although it is possible to get the salt back. It is necessary to heat the solution. After the boiling point vaporization process will take place. After its completion there will be salt crystals left.
Works cited
“Preparation & Speaking Outlines: Differences & Importance”, Academy, Lesson. Web. Accessed 22 Jan. 2016 at <http://study.com/academy/lesson/preparation-and-speaking-outlines.html>
“Is Dissolving Salt in Water a Chemical Change or Physical Change?”, About education, Chemistry. Web. Accessed 22 Jan. 2016 at <http://chemistry.about.com/od/matter/a/Is-Dissolving-Salt-In-Water-A-Chemical-Change-Or-Physical-Change.htm>
